Oracle12c 新概念CDB与PDB，pdb用户连接配置

基本概念：

 

Multitenant Environment：多租户环境

CDB（Container Database）：数据库容器

PD（Pluggable Database）：可插拔数据库

PDB包含在CDB中，所以，要创建PDB，必须先创建CDB。一台机器上可以有多个CDB。Oracle软件安装完成后，就可以创建CDB

CDB与PDB关系图

     COMMON USERS(普通用户)：经常建立在CDB层，用户名以C##或c##开头；

     LOCAL USERS(本地用户)：仅建立在PDB层，建立的时候得指定CONTAINE

1、查看Oracle 12c的版本

SQL> select * from v$version;

2、查看当前

SQL>select sys_context ('USERENV', 'CON_NAME') from dual; 

SQL>select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;----查看当前使用的容器

SQL> alter pluggable database pdb_name open;-----打开指定pdb容器，打开后状态变为read write

SQL> alter session set container=PDBORCL;-----切换到指定容器

SQL>create user informix identified by gmgl;----创建用户，该用户属于当前容器

3、listener.ora 文件配置（pdb用户连接配置）

数据库实例相同，GLOBAL_DBNAME获取

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 29.29.29.168)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521_1))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
 (SID_LIST =
  (SID_DESC =
  (GLOBAL_DBNAME = cdb1)
  (SID_NAME = cdb1)
 )
 (SID_DESC =
  (GLOBAL_DBNAME = pdb1)
  (SID_NAME = cdb1)
 )
)

4、tnsnames.ora 文件配置（pdb用户连接配置）

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 29.29.29.168)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = cdb1)
    )
 )
ORCL2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 29.29.29.168)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1)
    )
  )

5、pdb安装

（1）不设置DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST

//设置文件目录
su - oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclpdb3

//进入数据库创建pdb

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE orclpdb3  ADMIN USER pdb3_admin IDENTIFIED BY oracle4U CREATE_FILE_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclpdb3';

//查看pdb信息
SELECT PDB_ID, PDB_NAME,GUID,STATUS FROM DBA_PDBS ORDER BY PDB_ID;

(2)设置DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST

//设置DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST
alter system set db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/' scope=both;

//查看设置是否正确
show parameter DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST;

//创建pdb，角色按需设置
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE orclpdb1 ADMIN USER admin IDENTIFIED BY cloud_4U ROLE=(CONNECT);