docker安装mariadb

1.官方网址
https://hub.docker.com/_/mariadb/ 
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2. 拉取官方镜像
(1) docker pull mariadb:10.4.1
(2)查看镜像详情：docker run -it --rm --entrypoint=/bin/sh mariadb:10.4.1
(3)入口：docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld
(4)官方镜像配置文件目录结构：/etc/mysql
/etc/mysql
|-- conf.d
|   |-- docker.cnf
|   |-- mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf
|-- debian-start
|-- debian.cnf
|-- mariadb.cnf
|-- mariadb.conf.d
|-- my.cnf
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3.准备配置文件到宿主机以便于挂载
(1)从镜像中拷贝出配置文件(镜像中home目录是空的)
->拷贝/etc/mysql目录：docker run --rm -v /etc/mysql:/home --privileged=true mariadb:10.4.1 mv /etc/mysql /home
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4. 运行镜像
(1)在文件docker-compose.yml中添加运行项
mariadb:
                image: mariadb:10.4.1
    container_name: mariadb
    privileged: false
    ports:
                    - 3306:3306
    restart: always
    environment:
                    MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
    volumes:
                    - /var/lib/mysql:/var/lib/mysql
                    - /etc/mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d
        - /var/log/mysql:/var/log/mysql
(2)运行：docker-compose up -d mariadb
(3)进入容器：docker exec -it mariadb /bin/sh
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或直接运行：
docker run --name mariadb -d -p 3306:3306 --restart always -v /mnt/sda1/home/lib/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -v /mnt/sda1/home/etc/mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /mnt/sda1/home/log/mysql:/var/log/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mariadb:10.4.1
-错误信息：InnoDB: Header page consists of zero bytes in datafile
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修改已创建容器的重启策略：
docker update --restart always mariadb
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4.常见问题
(1)服务器异常关闭，导致数据库服务启动不了，报错：[ERROR] InnoDB: Missing MLOG_CHECKPOINT at 34853780 between the checkpoint 34853780 and the end 34853376
解决方法：删除/var/lib/mysql目录下的ib_logfile0和ib_logfile1这二个文件(ib_logfile0和ib_logfile1是mysql用来存储操作执行的日志文件，用于事务暂存和回滚)，再重启数据库
还有错误：InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB tablespace but not the InnoDB log files