【java多线程】线程的等待与通知

线程的创建

java线程创建一般有三种方法：

1）继承Thread方法，并重写run()方法

2）实现Runnable方法，并重写run()方法

3）实现callable方法，并重写call()方法。这种线程创建方式有返回值

进程的等待与通知

java中的任意对象都可以当做锁，我们只需要用synchronized关键字修饰即可。任何一个对象都有wait()方法，用于将拿到锁的线程挂起，并且有notify()和notifyAll()方法，用于唤醒该锁的阻塞队列中的线程，其中notify()方法用于唤醒一个线程，notifyAll()方法用于唤醒所有线程。

public class Threads {

    private static volatile Object resourceA = new Object();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        Thread threadA = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronized (resourceA) {
                    System.out.println("threadA get resourceA lock");
                    try {
                        System.out.println("threadA begin wait");
                        resourceA.wait();
                        System.out.println("threadA end wait");
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        });

        Thread threadB = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronized (resourceA) {
                    System.out.println("threadB get resourceA lock");
                    try {
                        System.out.println("threadB begin wait");
                        resourceA.wait();
                        System.out.println("threadB end wait");
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        });

        Thread threadC = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronized (resourceA){
                    System.out.println("threadC begin notify");
                    resourceA.notify();
                }
            }
        });

        // 启动线程
        threadA.start();
        threadB.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        threadC.start();

        // 等待线程结束
        threadA.join();
        threadB.join();
        threadC.join();
        System.out.println("main over");
    }

}

上面这段代码只是唤醒了一个线程，另一个线程会一直被阻塞。

 我们将notify()换成notifyAll()后，就可以唤醒所有的线程了。

public class Threads {

    private static volatile Object resourceA = new Object();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        Thread threadA = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronized (resourceA) {
                    System.out.println("threadA get resourceA lock");
                    try {
                        System.out.println("threadA begin wait");
                        resourceA.wait();
                        System.out.println("threadA end wait");
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        });

        Thread threadB = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronized (resourceA) {
                    System.out.println("threadB get resourceA lock");
                    try {
                        System.out.println("threadB begin wait");
                        resourceA.wait();
                        System.out.println("threadB end wait");
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        });

        Thread threadC = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronized (resourceA){
                    System.out.println("threadC begin notify");
                    resourceA.notifyAll();
                }
            }
        });

        // 启动线程
        threadA.start();
        threadB.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        threadC.start();

        // 等待线程结束
        threadA.join();
        threadB.join();
        threadC.join();
        System.out.println("main over");
    }

}

以上代码来自《Java并发编程之美》