简介
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在 Microsoft Windows XP 中，TCP/IP 椎栈是操作系统的一个核心组件，您不能删除 TCP/IP。因此，当您查看网络接口的组件列表时，您可能会注意到当选中 Internet 协议 (TCP/IP) 时将禁用“卸载”按钮。在极特殊的情况下，此问题的最佳解决方案可能是重新安装 Internet 协议堆栈。而使用 NetShell 实用工具，您可以重置 TCP/IP 堆栈，使其恢复为安装操作系统时所处的状态。本文介绍如何使用 NetShell 实用工具实现这一目的。
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NetShell 实用工具 (
netsh) 是用于配置和监视 Windows XP 网络的命令行脚本界面。此工具为用户提供了一个可交互的网络解释器界面。 在 Windows XP 中，在 NetShell 实用工具的 IP 上下文中有一个
重置命令。当执行
重置命令时，它重写 Internet 协议 (TCP/IP) 堆栈使用的相关注册表项，实现与删除并重新安装协议相同的结果。
SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/ SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/DHCP/Parameters/
命令用法
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netsh int ip reset [log_file_name]
若要成功运行此命令，必须指定用于记录
netsh 所执行的操作的日志文件名。例如，在命令提示符下，键入“命令示例”部分中列出的两个示例中的一个。之后会重置系统上的 TCP/IP 堆栈，所采取的操作将会记录在日志文件 Resetlog.txt 中。第一个示例在当前目录中创建日志文件，而第二个示例创建一个路径，日志将保存在其中。不管是哪种情况，如果指定的日志文件已存在，则新日志将附加在现有文件的末尾。
警告：在运行
netsh winsock reset 命令时，访问或监视 Internet 的程序（如防病毒程序、防火墙或代理客户端）可能会受到不良影响。如果使用此解决方案后，您的某个程序不能正常工作，请重新安装此程序以恢复功能。
命令示例
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netsh int ip reset resetlog.txt
netsh int ip reset c:/resetlog.txt
NETSH INT IP RESET 的示例日志文件
<script type="text/javascript">loadTOCNode(2, 'moreinformation');</script>以下是发出 IP 重置命令后 netsh 生成的日志文件的示例。根据发出命令的系统上配置的不同，实际的日志文件也会有所不同。如果 TCP/IP 注册表项的原始配置未发生变化，则该文件中将不会记录任何操作。 reset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Dhcp/Parameters/Options/15/RegLocation old REG_MULTI_SZ = SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/?/DhcpDomain SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/TcpIp/Parameters/DhcpDomainadded SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Netbt/Parameters/Interfaces/Tcpip_{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}/NetbiosOptionsadded SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Netbt/Parameters/Interfaces/Tcpip_{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}/NetbiosOptionsreset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Netbt/Parameters/Interfaces/Tcpip_{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}/NameServerList old REG_MULTI_SZ = 10.1.1.2deleted SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Netbt/Parameters/EnableLmhostsadded SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}/AddressTypeadded SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}/DefaultGatewayMetricadded SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}/DisableDynamicUpdatedeleted SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}/DontAddDefaultGatewayreset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}/EnableDhcp old REG_DWORD = 0added SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}/NameServeradded SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}/RawIpAllowedProtocolsadded SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}/TcpAllowedPortsadded SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}/UdpAllowedPortsadded SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}/DisableDynamicUpdatereset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}/EnableDhcp old REG_DWORD = 0reset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}/IpAddress old REG_MULTI_SZ = 12.12.12.12deleted SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}/IpAutoconfigurationAddressdeleted SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}/IpAutoconfigurationMaskdeleted SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}/IpAutoconfigurationSeedreset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}/RawIpAllowedProtocols old REG_MULTI_SZ = 0reset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}/SubnetMask old REG_MULTI_SZ = 255.255.255.0reset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}/TcpAllowedPorts old REG_MULTI_SZ = 0reset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}/UdpAllowedPorts old REG_MULTI_SZ = 0added SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}/AddressTypeadded SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}/DefaultGatewayMetricadded SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}/DisableDynamicUpdatedeleted SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}/DontAddDefaultGatewayreset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}/EnableDhcp old REG_DWORD = 0added SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}/NameServeradded SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}/RawIpAllowedProtocolsadded SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}/TcpAllowedPortsadded SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}/UdpAllowedPortsreset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}/DefaultGateway old REG_MULTI_SZ = 10.1.1.2 reset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}/DefaultGatewayMetric old REG_MULTI_SZ = 0 added SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}/DisableDynamicUpdatereset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}/EnableDhcp old REG_DWORD = 0reset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}/IpAddress old REG_MULTI_SZ = 10.1.1.1 deleted SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}/IpAutoconfigurationAddressdeleted SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}/IpAutoconfigurationMaskdeleted SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}/IpAutoconfigurationSeedreset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}/NameServer old REG_SZ = 10.1.1.2,10.1.1.3reset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}/RawIpAllowedProtocols old REG_MULTI_SZ = 0reset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}/SubnetMask old REG_MULTI_SZ = 255.255.255.0 reset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}/TcpAllowedPorts old REG_MULTI_SZ = 0reset SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/Interfaces/{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}/UdpAllowedPorts old REG_MULTI_SZ = 0deleted SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/DontAddDefaultGatewayDefaultdeleted SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/EnableIcmpRedirectdeleted SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/EnableSecurityFiltersdeleted SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/SearchListdeleted SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters/UseDomainNameDevolution<completed>
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