设计模式12，观察者模式、备忘录模式、命令模式

目录

观察者模式

备忘录模式

命令模式

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观察者模式

定义了对象之间一对多的依赖，让多个观察者对象同时监听一个主题对象，当主体对象发生改变时，他的所有依赖者（观察者）都会收到通知并更新。

类型：行为型

使用场景：关联行为场景，建立一套触发机制。

优点：观察者和被观察者之间建立了一个抽象的耦合。支持广播通信。

缺点：观察者之间有过多的细节依赖、提高时间消耗及程序复杂度。注意避免循环调用。

例子：

public class Course extends Observable {
    private String courseName;

    public Course(String courseName) {
        this.courseName = courseName;
    }

    public String getCourseName() {
        return courseName;
    }

    public void produceQuestion(Course course , Question question){
        System.out.println(question.getUserName() + "在" + course.getCourseName() + "上提交了问题：" + question.getQuestionContent());
        setChanged();
        notifyObservers(question);
    }
}

public class Question {
    private String userName;
    private String questionContent;

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getQuestionContent() {
        return questionContent;
    }

    public void setQuestionContent(String questionContent) {
        this.questionContent = questionContent;
    }
}

public class Teacher implements Observer {
    private String teacherName;

    public Teacher(String teacherName) {
        this.teacherName = teacherName;
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
        Course course = (Course) o;
        Question question = (Question) arg;
        System.out.println(teacherName + "老师的" + course.getCourseName() + "课程接收到一个" + question.getUserName() + "提交的问题：" + question.getQuestionContent());

    }
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Course course = new Course("设计模式");
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher("耗子");
        course.addObserver(teacher);

        Question question = new Question();
        question.setUserName("肉");
        question.setQuestionContent("设计模式为什么这么多？");

        course.prod