0-W3- Where to start - What does a Web developer have to know?-CSDN博客

The W<chmetcnv unitname="C" sourcevalue="3" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">3C</chmetcnv> (The World Wide Web Consortium) are making the rules and standards for the Web.
http://www.w3schools.com/web/web_www.asp

W<chmetcnv unitname="C" sourcevalue="3" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">3C</chmetcnv> puts together specifications for Web standards

The most essential Web standards are HTML, CSS and XML
The latest HTML standard is XHTML 1.0
b. HTML - The Language of the Web:
http://www.w3schools.com/web/web_html.asp
HTML tags were originally designed to define the content of a document. They were supposed to say "This is a header", "This is a paragraph", "This is a table", by using tags like <h1>, , <table>, and so on.
c. CSS - Cascading Style Sheets:
Styles sheets define HOW HTML elements are to be displayed, just like the font tag and the color attribute in HTML 3.2. Styles are normally saved in external .css files. External style sheets enable you to change the appearance and layout of all the pages in your Web, just by editing one single CSS document!
http://www.w3schools.com/web/web_css.asp
d. JavaScript - Client Side Scripting:
JavaScript was designed to add interactivity to HTML pages.
Client-side scripting is about "programming" the Web browser.
What can a JavaScript Do?
JavaScript gives HTML designers a programming tool - HTML authors are normally not programmers, but JavaScript is a scripting language with a very simple syntax! Almost anyone can put small "snippets" of code into their HTML pages

JavaScript can put dynamic text into an HTML page - A JavaScript statement like this: document.write("<h1>" + name + "</h1>") can write a variable text into an HTML page
JavaScript can react to events - A JavaScript can be set to execute when something happens, like when a page has finished loading or when a user clicks on an HTML element
JavaScript can read and write HTML elements - A JavaScript can read and change the content of an HTML element
JavaScript can be used to validate data - A JavaScript can be used to validate form data before it is submitted to a server. This saves the server from extra processing
JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser - A JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser, and - depending on the browser - load another page specifically designed for that browser
JavaScript can be used to create cookies - A JavaScript can be used to store and retrieve information on the visitor's computer

To insert a JavaScript into an HTML page, we use the <script> tag.
<script type=”text/javascript”></script>
e. Server Side Scripting:
Server-side scripting is about "programming" the Web server.
With server-side scripting, you can (amongst many other things) access databases and return the results to a browser.
The scripts are executed on the server before the result is sent back to the browser as plain HTML.
f. XML - Extensible Markup Language:
XML is not a replacement for HTML.
XML is used to describe and transport data, while HTML is used to display data.
XML and a number of different XML standards are rapidly becoming the most common tools for data transmission, data storing, and data manipulation.
XML was designed to describe data and to focus on what data is.

HTML was designed to display data and to focus on how data looks.
XML tags are not predefined. You must define your own tags
# XML uses a Document Type Definition (DTD) or an XML Schema to describe the data

# XML with a DTD or XML Schema is designed to be self-descriptive

# XML is a W<chmetcnv unitname="C" sourcevalue="3" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">3C</chmetcnv> Recommendation

XML Does not DO Anything:
XML was not designed to DO anything. Maybe it is a little hard to understand, but XML does not DO anything. XML was created to structure, store and to send information. It is just pure information wrapped in XML tags. Someone must write a piece of software to send, receive or display it.
It is important to understand that XML is not a replacement for HTML. XML is a cross-platform, software and hardware independent tool for transmitting information.
XML in Future Web Development:
We strongly believe that XML will be as important to the future of the Web as HTML has been to the foundation of the Web and that XML will be the most common tool for all data manipulation and data transmission.

g. Managing Web Data with SQL
The Structured Query Language (SQL) is the common standard for accessing databases such as SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, and Access.
SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard computer language for accessing and manipulating database systems.
Most of the SQL database programs also have their own proprietary extensions in addition to the SQL standard!
SQL Data Definition Language (DDL): the most important DDL statements, CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, CREATE INDEX, DROP INDEX.
SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML): INSERT INTO, DELETE, UPDATE, SELECT

B． Browsers
http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/default.asp
Browser Statistics Data:
http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_stats.asp

OS Platform Statistics:
http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_os.asp
Internet Explorer(1,2,3,4,5,6,7); IE for Mac

Netscape 8 (based on open source engine (Mozilla Gecko));
Mozilla Project: Mozilla is not a web browser. Mozilla is a framework for building web applications.
Products of Mozilla:
* Mozilla - the application suite

* Firefox - a standalone browser

* Thunderbird - an email and newsgroup client

* Camino - a web browser for Mac

* Composer - a web page editor
More About Mozilla:
http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_mozilla.asp
Firefox Browser: Firefox is a free open-source web browser developed by Mozilla.
Firefox has Improved Security. It is not integrated with the operating system and does not support ActiveX controls and VBScripts (features known to have security holes). A built-in modern Download Manager downloads files in the background to the desktop.

C． <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">Web</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Building</placetype></place> Tutorial
1. Every Web developer has to know the building blocks of the Web:
* HTML 4.01:
HTML 4.01 is also important because XHTML 1.0 (the latest HTML standard) is HTML 4.01 "reformulated" as an XML application. Using HTML <chmetcnv unitname="in" sourcevalue="4.01" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">4.01 in</chmetcnv> your pages makes the future upgrade from HTML to XHTML a very simple process.

* The use of CSS (style sheets):
* XHTML

* XML and XSLT
XML is as a cross-platform, software- and hardware-independent tool for storing and transmitting information. XML is NOT a replacement for HTML.
XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) is a language for transforming XML:
XSLT can transform an XML file into a format that is recognizable to a browser. One such format is HTML. Another format is WML - the mark-up language used in many handheld devices. XSLT can also add elements, remove, rearrange and sort elements, test and make decisions about which elements to display, and a lot more.

* Client side scripting:
"programming" the behavior of an Internet browser. JavaScript

* Server side scripting

* Managing data with SQL

* The future of the Web

we will see a lot more use of XML to communicate data between servers, and between servers and browsers.
2. Web Standards:
http://www.w3schools.com/site/site_standards.asp
Web Page Validation:
http://www.w3schools.com/site/site_validate.asp
3. Web Glossary:
http://www.w3schools.com/site/site_glossary.asp
Web Search Engine: http://www.w3schools.com/site/site_search.asp

Website Awards: http://www.w3schools.com/site/site_awards.asp

D. Web Hosting Tutorial:

http://www.w3schools.com/hosting/default.asp
1. If you want other people to view your web site, you must copy your site to a public server. Even if you can use your own PC as a web server, it is more common to let an Internet Service Provider (ISP) host your site.

2. Web Hosting Providers:
1) Hosting Your Own Web:
Hardware Expenses

To run a "real" web site, you will have to buy some powerful server hardware. Don't expect that a low cost PC will do the job. You will also need a permanent (24 hours a day ) high speed connection to your office, and such connections are expensive.

Software Expenses

Don't forget to count the extra cost for software licenses. Remember that server licenses often are much higher than client licenses. Also note that some server software licenses might have limits on number of concurrent users.

Labor Expenses

Don't expect low labor expenses. Remember that you have to install your own hardware and software. You also have to deal with bugs and viruses, and keep your server constantly running in an environment where "everything could happen".
2) Using an Internet Service Provider:
Renting a server from an Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a common option. Here are some advantages:

Connection Speed

Most providers have very fast connections to the Internet, like full T3 fiber-optic 45Mps connections equivalent to about 2000 traditional (28K) modems or 1000 high speed (56K) modems.

Powerful Hardware

Service providers often have many powerful web servers that can be shared by several companies. You can also expect them to have an effective load balancing, and necessary backup servers.

Security and Stability

Internet Service Providers are specialists on web hosting. Expect their servers to have more than 99% up time, the latest software patches, and the best virus protection.

3) Things to Consider

24-hour support

Make sure your Internet service provider offers 24-hours support. Don't put yourself in a situation where you cannot fix critical problems without having to wait until the next working day. Toll-free phone could be vital if you don't want to pay for long distance calls.

Daily Backup

Make sure your service provider runs a secure daily backup routine, otherwise you may lose some valuable data.

Traffic Volume

Study the provider's traffic volume restrictions. Make sure that you don't have to pay a fortune for unexpected high traffic if your web site becomes popular.

Bandwidth or Content Restrictions

Study the provider's bandwidth and content restrictions. If you plan to publish pictures or broadcast video or sound, make sure that you can.

Email Capabilities

Make sure your provider fully supports the email c