Android广播使用

在安卓开发中，当我们需要接收系统发出或者别的程序发出来的消息的时候，就需要用到广播接收器。或者我们需要在应用之中传递一些数据时，我们也可以用本地广播来发送和接收这些消息。

 

1：接收系统广播

接收系统的广播一般有两种方法，动态注册监听和静态监听注册。一般常用动态监听，因为动态灵活，但是在应用未启动时候不能监听变化，所以一般我们用静态监听在应用未启动的时候监听一些广播。

动态监听写法

public class NetworkActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_network);
//        注册监听网络变化
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
        networkChangeReceiver = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
        //绑定监听
        registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver,intentFilter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //取消绑定
        unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
    }

    class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
        //实现接收到广播的处理
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager)getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
            NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
            if(networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isAvailable()){
                Toast.makeText(context,"network is available",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }else {
                Toast.makeText(context,"network is unavailable",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }

        }
    }
}

重点在于要实例化一个intentFilter对象来添加我们要监听的广播，然后实例化一个我们写的Receiver方法，然后绑定好监听器。还有就是动态监听一定要在onDestroy方法中取消注册。

 

静态监听

首先需要File --> new -->other --> BroadcastReciver 创建一个Reciver类。

然后在AndroidManifest中找到对应的<receiver，因为和Activity一样，需要在AndroidManifest注册，然后在其中添加

            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
            </intent-filter>

绑定你想监听的广播

若你所监听的广播需要系统权限，我们就需要去申明一下

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>

 

 

本地广播

首先因为是本地广播，所以我们需要用到一个LocalBroadcastManager的对象，通过LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this)方法获得，然后后面的注册，发送等都需要调用LocalBroadcastManager相应的一些方法，接收方法和之前的接收系统广播基本没什么区别，然后利用intent来发送广播

Intent intent = new Intent("com.nyl.orderlybroadcast.AnotherBroadcastReceiver");
            //发送本地广播
            localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);

便可以在整个应用里面都可以接收到我们发送的广播了

public class LocalBroadCastActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

        private Button btnOrderlyBroadcast;
        private IntentFilter intentFilter;
        private LocalReceiver localReceiver;
        private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager;

        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_local_broad_cast);
            localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
            btnOrderlyBroadcast = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnOrderlyBroadcast);
            btnOrderlyBroadcast.setOnClickListener(this);
            intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
            intentFilter.addAction("com.nyl.orderlybroadcast.AnotherBroadcastReceiver");
            localReceiver = new LocalReceiver();
            //注册本地接收器
            localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver,intentFilter);
        }

        @Override
        public void onClick(View view) {
            Intent intent = new Intent("com.nyl.orderlybroadcast.AnotherBroadcastReceiver");
            //发送本地广播
            localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);
        }

        @Override
        protected void onDestroy() {
            super.onDestroy();
            localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);
        }

        private class LocalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                Toast.makeText(context,"收到本地广播",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }

}

最后就是，广播分为无序和有序两种，有序需要设置优先级，可以在接收器里面用abortBroadcast( )方法来拦截，无序是同时接收到。两个发送的区别是发送是为sendBroadcast()和sendOrderedBroadcast()方法即可，本地广播都是无序广播。