源码过程分析
由于CBV中,请求是先从dispatch()方法进去,我们像第一篇中研究认证一样,先看dispatch()的源码
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
`.dispatch()` is pretty much the same as Django's regular dispatch,
but with extra hooks for startup, finalize, and exception handling.
"""
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
self.request = request
self.headers = self.default_response_headers # deprecate?
try:
self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
# Get the appropriate handler method
if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),
self.http_method_not_allowed)
else:
handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
except Exception as exc:
response = self.handle_exception(exc)
self.response = self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs)
return self.response
上一篇讲过,先封装request,然后执行initial()方法,initial()源码如下
def initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Runs anything that needs to occur prior to calling the method handler.
"""
self.format_kwarg = self.get_format_suffix(**kwargs)
# Perform content negotiation and store the accepted info on the request
neg = self.perform_content_negotiation(request)
request.accepted_renderer, request.accepted_media_type = neg
# Determine the API version, if versioning is in use.
version, scheme = self.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs)
request.version, request.versioning_scheme = version, scheme
# Ensure that the incoming request is permitted
self.perform_authentication(request)
'''执行完认证,开始进行权限'''
self.check_permissions(request)
self.check_throttles(request)
点击check_permissions
进去查看源码
def check_permissions(self, request):
"""
Check if the request should be permitted.
Raises an appropriate exception if the request is not permitted.
"""
"""
循环权限类的实例列表,调用权限类的has_permission方法,
如果has_permission方法返回True,则认证成功。
返回False就是认证失败,抛出异常
"""
for permission in self.get_permissions():
if not permission.has_permission(request, self):
"""
这里是从'message'里面拿异常信息,
我们可以在我们的类里面自己写message,从而实现自定义
"""
self.permission_denied(
request, message=getattr(permission, 'message', None)
)
接下来点进去看get_permissions()
方法,其实从上一篇中大概也可以猜到,这里应该是使用列表生成式生成一个对象列表。
def get_permissions(self):
"""
Instantiates and returns the list of permissions that this view requires.
"""
# 实例化permission_classes里的类,返回一个实例化的permisson列表
return [permission() for permission in self.permission_classes]
然后我们再点进去源码看看permission_classes
里面是啥,
permission_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES
可以看到如果我们自己重写了permission_classes
,就用我们自己的,我们自己没有写就用Django rest framework的。
接下来点进去api_settings
api_settings = APISettings(None, DEFAULTS, IMPORT_STRINGS)
然后还是像研究认证过程的源码一样,点DEFAULTS
看看源码,看它默认的DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny',
],
用法
- 创建一个类,必须继承:
BasePermission
,必须实现:has_permission
方法
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
class SVIPPermission(BasePermission):
message = "必须是SVIP才能访问" # 这个信息postman会输出
def has_permission(self,request,view):
if request.user.user_type != 3:
return False
return True
- 返回值:
- True, 有权访问
- False,无权访问
- 权限局部使用
class UserInfoView(APIView):
"""
订单相关业务(普通用户、VIP)
"""
permission_classes = [MyPermission1, ]
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse('用户信息')
- 权限全局使用
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['api.utils.permission.SVIPPermission']
}