上一节我们讨论了如何手动方式来处理JSON对象数据,可能你也发现了,是有些痛苦,那么,用什么方法来读写JSON数据才算好玩?有的,如果你耍过WCF,或许已经想到了——JSON序列化和反序列化。
DataContractJsonSerializer类位于System.Runtime.Serialization.Json命名空间,我们只需要简单的调用两个方法就可以完成序列化和反序列化。
WriteObject:序列化,把对象写入JSON数据;
ReadObject:反序列化,从JSON数据中读入对象数据。
要完成今天的实例,我们先要定义一个类作为测试,这里我就举一个简单的,员工类,它有三个属性:姓名,联系电话,简介。定义如下。
- public class Employee
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// 员工姓名
- /// </summary>
- public string Name { get; set; }
- /// <summary>
- /// 联系手机
- /// </summary>
- public string Phone { get; set; }
- /// <summary>
- /// 简介
- /// </summary>
- public string Description { get; set; }
- }
对于UI,可以参考下面的XAML,我就不详细说,你会看得懂的。
- <Page
- x:Class="App1.MainPage"
- xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- xmlns:local="using:App1"
- xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
- xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
- mc:Ignorable="d">
- <Grid Background="{StaticResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}">
- <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
- <ColumnDefinition/>
- <ColumnDefinition/>
- </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
- <StackPanel Orientation="Vertical" Grid.Column="0" Margin="17">
- <TextBlock Text="员工姓名:"/>
- <TextBox x:Name="txtName" Margin="0,2,0,14"/>
- <TextBlock Text="联系电话:"/>
- <TextBox x:Name="txtPhone" Margin="0,2,0,15"/>
- <TextBlock Text="员工简介:"/>
- <TextBox x:Name="txtDesc" Margin="0,2,0,26"/>
- <Button Content="保存数据" Click="onSave"/>
- </StackPanel>
- <StackPanel Orientation="Vertical" Grid.Column="1" Margin="15">
- <Button Content="加载数据" Click="onLoadData"/>
- <TextBlock x:Name="tbInfo" TextWrapping="Wrap" Margin="0,15,0,0"/>
- </StackPanel>
- </Grid>
- </Page>
切换到代码视图,参考下面代码:
- using System;
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.IO;
- using System.Linq;
- using Windows.Foundation;
- using Windows.Foundation.Collections;
- using Windows.UI.Xaml;
- using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
- using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Primitives;
- using Windows.UI.Xaml.Data;
- using Windows.UI.Xaml.Input;
- using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media;
- using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;
- // 引入以下命名空间
- using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
- using Windows.Storage;
- using Windows.Storage.Pickers;
- using Windows.Storage.Streams;
- using Windows.UI.Popups;
- namespace App1
- {
- public sealed partial class MainPage : Page
- {
- public MainPage()
- {
- this.InitializeComponent();
- }
- private async void onLoadData(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
- {
- FileOpenPicker picker = new FileOpenPicker();
- picker.CommitButtonText = "打开";
- picker.FileTypeFilter.Add(".json");
- picker.SuggestedStartLocation = PickerLocationId.Desktop;
- StorageFile dataFile = await picker.PickSingleFileAsync();
- if (dataFile != null)
- {
- // 开始读取文件
- using (var stream = await dataFile.OpenSequentialReadAsync())
- {
- // 反序列化
- DataContractJsonSerializer sz = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Employee));
- Employee emp = (Employee)sz.ReadObject(stream.AsStreamForRead());
- this.tbInfo.Text = string.Format("员工姓名:{0}\n联系电话:{1}\n简介:{2}", emp.Name, emp.Phone, emp.Description);
- }
- }
- }
- private async void onSave(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
- {
- if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.txtName.Text) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.txtPhone.Text) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.txtDesc.Text))
- return;
- // 选择文件保存位置
- FileSavePicker picker = new FileSavePicker();
- picker.CommitButtonText = "保存";
- picker.SuggestedStartLocation = PickerLocationId.Desktop;
- picker.FileTypeChoices.Add("JSON数据文件", new string[] { ".json" });
- StorageFile data = await picker.PickSaveFileAsync();
- if (data != null)
- {
- using (var stream = await data.OpenAsync(FileAccessMode.ReadWrite))
- {
- // 创建新对象
- Employee emp = new Employee { Name = this.txtName.Text, Phone = this.txtPhone.Text, Description = this.txtDesc.Text };
- // 开始序列化
- DataContractJsonSerializer srz = new DataContractJsonSerializer(emp.GetType());
- srz.WriteObject(stream.AsStreamForWrite(), emp);
- }
- this.ShowMessageBox("保存成功。");
- }
- }
- private async void ShowMessageBox(string msg)
- {
- MessageDialog dialog = new MessageDialog(msg);
- await dialog.ShowAsync();
- }
- }
- public class Employee
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// 员工姓名
- /// </summary>
- public string Name { get; set; }
- /// <summary>
- /// 联系手机
- /// </summary>
- public string Phone { get; set; }
- /// <summary>
- /// 简介
- /// </summary>
- public string Description { get; set; }
- }
- }
就是这么简单,按下F5运行。在页面左边输入相应内容,保存。
用记事本打开刚才保存的文件,你会看到以下内容:
回到应用程序,在页面右边,加载刚才保存的JSON,如下图所示:
到此为止,基本上完成了JSON序列化和反序列的工作了,但是,还有一个问题,我们继续讨论一下,刚才我们用记事本查看保存的JSON数据已经看到,JSON对象的字段名和类的属性名是一样的,那么,有些时候,我们并不希望这样。如:在类中姓名的属性名是Name,但在JSON数据中我希望它是emp_name。可以实现吗?答案是肯定的。
这时候,我们只需把Employee类的定义改一下就可以了。
- [System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContract]
- public class Employee
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// 员工姓名
- /// </summary>
- [System.Runtime.Serialization.DataMember(Name = "emp_name")]
- public string Name { get; set; }
- /// <summary>
- /// 联系手机
- /// </summary>
- [System.Runtime.Serialization.DataMember(Name = "emp_phoneno")]
- public string Phone { get; set; }
- /// <summary>
- /// 简介
- /// </summary>
- [System.Runtime.Serialization.DataMember(Name = "emp_desc")]
- public string Description { get; set; }
- }
如此一来,所保存的JSON数据就如下图所示: