掌握 JUnit

1.Controller.java:

/* 
 * ========================================================================
 * 
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 * 
 * ========================================================================
 */
package com.manning.junitbook.ch03.mastering;

/**
 * A controller interface.
 * 
 * @version $Id: Controller.java 553 2010-03-06 12:29:58Z paranoid12 $
 */

public interface Controller
{	
	//定义一个用来处理收到的请求的方法。
    Response processRequest( Request request );
    //这是个非常重要的设计元素，addHadndler方法允许扩展Controller而不必修改Java源代码。
    void addHandler( Request request, RequestHandler requestHandler );  
}

2.DefaultController.java:

/* 
 * ========================================================================
 * 
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 * 
 * ========================================================================
 */
package com.manning.junitbook.ch03.mastering;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Default implementation of the controller.
 * 
 * @version $Id: DefaultController.java 553 2010-03-06 12:29:58Z paranoid12 $
 */
public class DefaultController implements Controller {
	//声明一个HashMap，用作请求处理器的注册表；
	private Map<String, RequestHandler> requestHandlers = new HashMap<String, RequestHandler>();
	//增加一个保护方法getHandler，用来为指定的请求获取HequestHandler.
	protected RequestHandler getHandler(Request request) {
		/*如果RequestHandler没有注册，那么抛出RuntimeException异常，
		 * 因为一个意外事件意味着编程错误，而不是由用户或者外界引起的
		 * 错误.Java并没有要求你在方法签名中说明RuntimeException,
		 * 但依然可以捕获这个异常。*/
		if (!this.requestHandlers.containsKey(request.getName())) {
			String message = "Cannot find handler for request name " + "["
					+ request.getName() + "]";
			throw new RuntimeException(message);
		}
		//返回选择的处理器
		return this.requestHandlers.get(request.getName());
	}
	/*把请求分派到合适的处理器，并且把处理器的Response传回给调用者，
	 * 如果出现了异常，那么ErrorResponse会捕获它*/
	public Response processRequest(Request request) {//接受请求
		Response response;
		try {
			response = getHandler(request).process(request);//路由请求
		} catch (Exception exception) {
			response = new ErrorResponse(request, exception);//错误处理:子类化  ErrorResponse
		}
		//返回适当的处理器来调用。
		return response;
	}

	public void addHandler(Request request, RequestHandler requestHandler) {
		if (this.requestHandlers.containsKey(request.getName())) {
			//检查处理器的名字是否已经注册过了，若已经注册过了，抛出异常。
			throw new RuntimeException("A request handler has "
					+ "already been registered for request name " + "["
					+ request.getName() + "]");
		} else {
			this.requestHandlers.put(request.getName(), requestHandler);
		}
	}
}

3.Request.java:

/* 
 * ========================================================================
 * 
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 * 
 * ========================================================================
 */
package com.manning.junitbook.ch03.mastering;

/**
 * The request interface.
 * 
 * @version $Id: Request.java 553 2010-03-06 12:29:58Z paranoid12 $
 */
//初步的接口：返回一个请求的名称，以便区分不同的请求。
public interface Request
{
    String getName();
}

 

4.RequestHandler.java:

/* 
 * ========================================================================
 * 
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 * 
 * ========================================================================
 */
package com.manning.junitbook.ch03.mastering;

/**
 * The request-handler interface.
 * 
 * @version $Id: RequestHandler.java 553 2010-03-06 12:29:58Z paranoid12 $
 */
/*定义一个能处理一个request并返回Response的反应RequestHandler。
RequestHandler是一个辅助性组件，设计来做最“肮脏”的工作。
它调用可能会抛出任何类型异常的类。*/
public interface RequestHandler
{
    Response process( Request request ) throws Exception;
}

 

5.Response.java:

/* 
 * ========================================================================
 * 
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 * 
 * ========================================================================
 */
package com.manning.junitbook.ch03.mastering;

/**
 * The response interface.
 * 
 * @version $Id: Response.java 553 2010-03-06 12:29:58Z paranoid12 $
 */
//Response对象封装的是稍后可以处理的东西，目前只要满足签名就可以了。
public interface Response
{
}

 

6.ErrorResponse.java:

/* 
 * ========================================================================
 * 
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 * 
 * ========================================================================
 */
package com.manning.junitbook.ch03.mastering;
/**
 * Response that is returned in case of an error.
 * 
 * @version $Id: ErrorResponse.java 553 2010-03-06 12:29:58Z paranoid12 $
 */
public class ErrorResponse
    implements Response
{
    private Request originalRequest;

    private Exception originalException;

    public ErrorResponse( Request request, Exception exception )
    {
        this.originalRequest = request;
        this.originalException = exception;
    }

    public Request getOriginalRequest()
    {
        return this.originalRequest;
    }

    public Exception getOriginalException()
    {
        return this.originalException;
    }
}

 

7.TestDefaultController.java:

/* 
 * ========================================================================
 * 
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 * 
 * ========================================================================
 */
package com.manning.junitbook.ch03.mastering;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotSame;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Ignore;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * Test-case for the default controller.
 * 
 * @version $Id: TestDefaultController.java 553 2010-03-06 12:29:58Z paranoid12 $
 */
//controller（控制器）：同用户交互，控制并管理每个请求的处理。
/*controller主要做这些事：
接受请求
对请求执行常用计算
选择合适的请求处理器
路由请求，以便处理器可以执行相关的业务逻辑。
可能会提供一个顶层的处理器用于处理错误和异常*/


//Request ，Response, RequestHandler Controller 他们的关系是：Controller授受Request,分发给RquestHandler，并返回Response

/*添加handler
 添加一个RequestHandler,引用一个Request.
获得到一个RequestHandler，传递的是同一个Request.
检查看是得到RequestHandler，是否就是添加的那一个。*/

public class TestDefaultController
{
    private DefaultController controller;

    private Request request;

    private RequestHandler handler;

    @Before
    public void initialize()
        throws Exception
    {
        controller = new DefaultController();// 实例化对象
        request = new SampleRequest();;  // 实例化对象
        handler = new SampleHandler();   // 实例化对象
        // 下面是的代码是测试目标：controller( 待测对象）添加一个测试handler，
        controller.addHandler( request, handler );
    }

    @Test
    public void testAddHandler()// 为测试启一个名字
    {
    	// 把Handler读回到新的变量中。
        RequestHandler handler2 = controller.getHandler( request );
        // 对比两个对象是否是同一个对象。
        assertSame( "Controller.getHandler must return the samplehandler", handler2, handler );
    }
    //controller的核心功能－－处理请求
    @Test
    public void testProcessRequest()
    {
        Response response = controller.processRequest( request );
        
        assertNotNull( "Must not return a null response", response );
        assertEquals( "", new SampleResponse(), response );
    }
    //测试异常
    //下面创建一个测试方法，注册这个Handler，并试图处理一个请求
    @Test
    public void testProcessRequestAnswersErrorResponse()
    {
    	//TestRequest request =new TestRequest();异常请求会和fixture冲突
        SampleRequest request = new SampleRequest( "testError" );
        SampleExceptionHandler handler = new SampleExceptionHandler();
      //创建测试对象并添加测试处理器
        controller.addHandler( request, handler );
        Response response = controller.processRequest( request );

        assertNotNull( "Must not return a null response", response );
    
        assertEquals( ErrorResponse.class, response.getClass() );
    }
    //测试抛出异常的方法
    @Test( expected = RuntimeException.class )
    public void testGetHandlerNotDefined()
    {
        SampleRequest request = new SampleRequest( "testNotDefined" );

        controller.getHandler( request );
    }
    //测试抛出异常的方法
    @Test( expected = RuntimeException.class )
    public void testAddRequestDuplicateName()
    {
        SampleRequest request = new SampleRequest();
        SampleHandler handler = new SampleHandler();

        controller.addHandler( request, handler );
    }
    //测试超时
    @Test( timeout = 130 )
    @Ignore( value = "Skip for now" )
    public void testProcessMultipleRequestsTimeout()
    {
        Request request;
        Response response = new SampleResponse();
        RequestHandler handler = new SampleHandler();
        for ( int i = 0; i < 99999; i++ )
        {
            request = new SampleRequest( String.valueOf( i ) );
            controller.addHandler( request, handler );
            response = controller.processRequest( request );
            assertNotNull( response );
            assertNotSame( ErrorResponse.class, response.getClass() );
        }
    }
    //改进了的TestRequest,更名为SampleRequest
    //SampleRequest可以以不同的名字实例化。
    private class SampleRequest
        implements Request
    {
        private static final String DEFAULT_NAME = "Test";

        private String name;

        public SampleRequest( String name )
        {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public SampleRequest()
        {
            this( DEFAULT_NAME );
        }

        public String getName()
        {
            return this.name;
        }
    }

    private class SampleExceptionHandler
        implements RequestHandler
    {
        public Response process( Request request )
            throws Exception
        {
            throw new Exception( "error processing request" );
        }
    }

    private class SampleResponse
        implements Response
    {
        private static final String DEFAULT_NAME = "Test";

        private String name;

        public String getName()
        {
            return this.name;
        }

        public SampleResponse( String name )
        {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public SampleResponse()
        {
            this( DEFAULT_NAME );
        }

        public boolean equals( Object object )
        {
            boolean result = false;
            if ( object instanceof SampleResponse )
            {
                result = ( (SampleResponse) object ).getName().equals( getName() );
            }
            return result;
        }

        public int hashCode()
        {
            return this.name.hashCode();
        }
    }

    private class SampleHandler
        implements RequestHandler
    {
        public Response process( Request request )
            throws Exception
        {
            return new SampleResponse();
        }
    }
}

       结果图：

           

8.HamcrestTest.java:

/* 
 * ========================================================================
 * 
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 * 
 * ========================================================================
 */
package com.manning.junitbook.ch03.mastering;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.anyOf;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
import static org.junit.matchers.JUnitMatchers.hasItem;

/**
 * A sample hamcrest test.
 * 
 * @version $Id: HamcrestTest.java 553 2010-03-06 12:29:58Z paranoid12 $
 */
public class HamcrestTest {

	private List<String> values;

	@Before   //为测试初始化一些数据
	public void setUpList() {
		values = new ArrayList<String>();
		values.add("x");
		values.add("y");
		values.add("z");
	}

	@Test
	public void testWithoutHamcrest() {    //没有使用Hamcrest的测试
		assertTrue(values.contains("one") || values.contains("two")
				|| values.contains("three"));  //断言条件为真
	}

	@Test
	public void testWithHamcrest() {      //使用Hamcrest的测试
		assertThat(values, hasItem(anyOf(equalTo("one"), equalTo("two"),
			equalTo("three"))));          //好处是有栈跟踪消息
	}
}

    结果图：