我们提供一个类:
class FooBar {
public void foo() {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
print("foo");
}
}
public void bar() {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
print("bar");
}
}
}
两个不同的线程将会共用一个 FooBar 实例。其中一个线程将会调用 foo() 方法,另一个线程将会调用 bar() 方法。
请设计修改程序,以确保 "foobar" 被输出 n 次。
示例 1:
输入: n = 1
输出: "foobar"
解释: 这里有两个线程被异步启动。其中一个调用 foo() 方法, 另一个调用 bar() 方法,"foobar" 将被输出一次。
示例 2:
输入: n = 2
输出: "foobarfoobar"
解释: "foobar" 将被输出两次。
方法一:信号量(Semaphore)
class FooBar {
private int n;
public FooBar(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
Semaphore foo = new Semaphore(1);
Semaphore bar = new Semaphore(0);
public void foo(Runnable printFoo) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
foo.acquire();
// printFoo.run() outputs "foo". Do not change or remove this line.
printFoo.run();
bar.release();
}
}
public void bar(Runnable printBar) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
bar.acquire();
// printBar.run() outputs "bar". Do not change or remove this line.
printBar.run();
foo.release();
}
}
}
方法二:公平锁(需要加yield,不然会超时哦)
class FooBar {
private int n;
public FooBar(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);
volatile boolean permitFoo = true;
public void foo(Runnable printFoo) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; ) {
lock.lock();
try {
if (permitFoo) {
printFoo.run();
i++;
permitFoo = false;
} else {
Thread.yield();
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
// printFoo.run() outputs "foo". Do not change or remove this line.
}
}
public void bar(Runnable printBar) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; ) {
lock.lock();
try {
if (!permitFoo) {
printBar.run();
i++;
permitFoo = true;
} else {
Thread.yield();
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
// printBar.run() outputs "bar". Do not change or remove this line.
}
}
}
方法三:CyclicBarrier
class FooBar {
private int n;
public FooBar(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
CyclicBarrier sb = new CyclicBarrier(2);
volatile boolean fin = true;
public void foo(Runnable printFoo) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
while (!fin) ;
printFoo.run();
fin = false;
try {
sb.await();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
}
// printFoo.run() outputs "foo". Do not change or remove this line.
}
}
public void bar(Runnable printBar) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
try {
sb.await();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
}
printBar.run();
fin = true;
// printBar.run() outputs "bar". Do not change or remove this line.
}
}
}