Oracle数据库LONG类型字段的完整C代码操作(CREATE INSERT SELECT DROP)之一--CREATE TABLE

最近需要完成对Oracle数据库LONG字段类型的操作，网上各种查找都没什么完整的教程可参考，偶然获得了LONG类型字段的全套操作方法，记录下来与大家分享。

系列目录如下（Oracle数据库LONG类型字段的完整C代码操作）：

之一--CREATE TABLE(本文)

之二--单纯INSERT

之三--单纯SELECT

之四--DROP TABLE

之五--分段轮询INSERT

之六--分段轮询SELECT

一、LONG类型简介

Internal Oracle Database Data Type	Maximum Internal Length	Data Type Code
LONG	2^31 - 1bytes(2gigabytes)	8
上表参考于Oracle官网 : https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/lnoci/data-types.html#GUID-92331EBC-12FB-4D5F-BFFD-5149F819266D

觉得在写代码时，要用到两点，一是 LONG的大小，最大可达2GB；二是LONG的类型码为8.（先记在脑中，后面用到的时候再细说）

二、本次目标（创建一个含有LONG字段的表）

创建一个含有LONG字段的表，为后面的INSERT操作、SELECT操作做好准备，表名为CAT_1，共有两个字段。

字段序号	字段名	字段类型
字段1	ID	NUMBER
字段2	CATNAME	LONG

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三、程序结构及重点说明

四、完整代码

/*
  OCI demo program for accessing LONG.

  table 
     CAT_1 (ID NUMBER, CATNAME LONG);
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <oci.h>

typedef struct cdemol2lctx
{
  OCIEnv *envhp;
  OCIServer *srvhp;
  OCISvcCtx *svchp;
  OCIError *errhp;
  OCISession *authp;
  OCIStmt *stmthp;
} cdemol2lctx;


/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     PRIVATE TYPES AND CONSTANTS
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static text *username = (text *) "c##fang";
static text *password = (text *) "fang";

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     STATIC FUNCTION DECLARATIONS
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static void initialize(cdemol2lctx *ctxptr);
static void cleanup(cdemol2lctx *ctxptr);
static void checkerr(/*_ OCIError *errhp, sword status _*/);
static void sql_stmt_execute(/*_ cdemol2lctx *ctxptx, text *sql_stmt _*/);
int main(/*_ int argc, char *argv[] _*/);


int main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
  cdemol2lctx ctx;
  text *cretab_stmt1 = (text *)"CREATE TABLE CAT_1 (ID NUMBER, CATNAME LONG)";
  printf("\n ######## start DEMO program ############ \n");

  initialize(&ctx);

  /* execute sql statement */
  printf("\nCREATING TABLE CAT_1 ... \n");
  sql_stmt_execute(&ctx, cretab_stmt1);
 
  /* clean things up before exhit */
  cleanup(&ctx);

  return 1;

} /*end main*/


/*execute a single SQL statement */
void sql_stmt_execute(ctxptr, sql_stmt)
cdemol2lctx *ctxptr;
text *sql_stmt;
{ 
  checkerr(ctxptr->errhp, OCIStmtPrepare(ctxptr->stmthp, ctxptr->errhp, 
                          sql_stmt, (ub4) strlen((char *)sql_stmt), 
                          (ub4) OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT));

  checkerr(ctxptr->errhp, OCIStmtExecute(ctxptr->svchp,
                          ctxptr->stmthp,
                          ctxptr->errhp, (ub4) 1, (ub4)0,
                          (OCISnapshot *) NULL, (OCISnapshot *) NULL,
                          OCI_DEFAULT)); 
} /* end of sql_stmt_execute() */

/*initialize envionment and handler*/
void initialize(ctxptr)
cdemol2lctx *ctxptr;
{

  if (OCIEnvCreate((OCIEnv **) &ctxptr->envhp,
                   (ub4)OCI_THREADED|OCI_OBJECT, (dvoid *)0,
                    (dvoid * (*)(dvoid *, size_t)) 0,
                   (dvoid * (*)(dvoid *, dvoid *, size_t))0,
                   (void (*)(dvoid *, dvoid *)) 0,
                   (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0 ))
    printf("FAILED: OCIEnvCreate()\n");


  printf("\n ######## Connect to server ############# \n");

  if (OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *) ctxptr->envhp,
                     (dvoid **) &ctxptr->errhp,
                     (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0))
    printf("FAILED: OCIHandleAlloc() on ctxptr->errhp\n");

  if (OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *) ctxptr->envhp,
                     (dvoid **) &ctxptr->srvhp,
                     (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SERVER, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0))
    printf("FAILED: OCIHandleAlloc() on ctxptr->srvhp\n");

  if (OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *) ctxptr->envhp,
                     (dvoid **) &ctxptr->svchp,
                     (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0))
    printf("FAILED: OCIHandleAlloc() on ctxptr->svchp\n");

  if (OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *) ctxptr->envhp,
                     (dvoid **) &ctxptr->authp,
                     (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0))
    printf("FAILED: OCIHandleAlloc() on ctxptr->authp\n");

  if (OCIServerAttach(ctxptr->srvhp, ctxptr->errhp,
                      (text *) "", (sb4) strlen((char *) ""),
                      (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT))
    printf("FAILED: OCIServerAttach()\n");

  if (OCIAttrSet((dvoid *) ctxptr->svchp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX,
                 (dvoid *) ctxptr->srvhp, (ub4) 0,
                 (ub4) OCI_ATTR_SERVER, ctxptr->errhp))
    printf("FAILED: OCIAttrSet() server attribute\n");
  
  /*begin log_on part */
  if (OCIAttrSet((dvoid *) ctxptr->authp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SESSION,
                 (dvoid *) username, (ub4) strlen((char *) username),
                 (ub4) OCI_ATTR_USERNAME, ctxptr->errhp))
    printf("FAILED: OCIAttrSet() userid\n");

  if (OCIAttrSet((dvoid *) ctxptr->authp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SESSION,
                 (dvoid *) password, (ub4) strlen((char *) password),
                 (ub4) OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD, ctxptr->errhp))
    printf("FAILED: OCIAttrSet() passwd\n");
      
  printf("Logging on as %s  ....\n", username);
  
  checkerr(ctxptr->errhp, OCISessionBegin((dvoid *)ctxptr->svchp,
                        ctxptr->errhp, ctxptr->authp,
                       (ub4) OCI_CRED_RDBMS,(ub4) OCI_DEFAULT ));
    
  printf("%s logged on.\n", username);
                 
  if (OCIAttrSet((dvoid *) ctxptr->svchp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX,
             (dvoid *) ctxptr->authp, (ub4) 0, (ub4) OCI_ATTR_SESSION, 
             ctxptr->errhp))
    printf("FAILED: OCIAttrSet() session\n");
  /* end log_on part */

  /* alocate stmt handle for sql queries */
  
  if (OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)ctxptr->envhp, (dvoid **) &ctxptr->stmthp,
                   (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (CONST size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0))
    printf("FAILED: alloc statement handle\n");

} /* end initialize() */


/*check status and print error information*/
void checkerr(errhp, status)
OCIError *errhp;
sword status;
{
  text errbuf[512];
  sb4 errcode = 0;

  switch (status)
  {
  case OCI_SUCCESS:
    break;
  case OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO:
    (void) printf("Error - OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO\n");
    break;
  case OCI_NEED_DATA:
    (void) printf("Error - OCI_NEED_DATA\n");
    break;
  case OCI_NO_DATA:
    (void) printf("Error - OCI_NODATA\n");
    break;
  case OCI_ERROR:
    (void) OCIErrorGet((dvoid *)errhp, (ub4) 1, (text *) NULL, &errcode,
                        errbuf, (ub4) sizeof(errbuf), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
    (void) printf("Error - %.*s\n", 512, errbuf);
    break;
  case OCI_INVALID_HANDLE:
    (void) printf("Error - OCI_INVALID_HANDLE\n");
    break;
  case OCI_STILL_EXECUTING:
    (void) printf("Error - OCI_STILL_EXECUTE\n");
    break;
  case OCI_CONTINUE:
    (void) printf("Error - OCI_CONTINUE\n");
    break;
  default:
    break;
  }
} /* end checkerr() */


/*clean up envionment*/
void cleanup(ctxptr)
cdemol2lctx *ctxptr;
{
  printf("\n ########## clean up ############ \n");

  if (OCISessionEnd(ctxptr->svchp, ctxptr->errhp, 
                      ctxptr->authp, (ub4) 0))
    printf("FAILED: OCISessionEnd()\n");

  printf("%s Logged off.\n", username);

  if (OCIServerDetach(ctxptr->srvhp, ctxptr->errhp,
                   (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT))
    printf("FAILED: OCIServerDetach()\n");

  printf("Detached from server.\n");
  
  printf("Freeing handles ...\n");
  if (ctxptr->stmthp)
    OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) ctxptr->stmthp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_STMT);
  if (ctxptr->errhp)
    OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) ctxptr->errhp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);   
  if (ctxptr->srvhp)
    OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) ctxptr->srvhp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SERVER);
  if (ctxptr->svchp)
    OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) ctxptr->svchp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX);
  if (ctxptr->authp)
    OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) ctxptr->authp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SESSION);
  if (ctxptr->envhp)
    OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) ctxptr->envhp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_ENV);

} /* end cleanup() */


/* end of file */

五、编译及运行

5.1 将long_creat.c放入自己的目录下

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5.2 编译

gcc long_creat.c -o long_creat -I $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/public -L $ORACLE_HOME/lib -l clntsh

5.3 运行

./long_creat

5.4 查看数据库中建表情况

show user;

（确定下当前登录的用户，与代码中填写的用户一致）

show con_name;

（本代码里写的是在CDB下建表，所以确认下当前在CDB下，也可以通过修改代码，改为在PDB下建表）

describe CAT_1;

（显示表结构，可以看到，表CAT_1已经创建成功，表共有两列，与预期目标一致）

六、可下载的代码包（懒人福音）

可通过下面的链接，免费下载有猫彬为你准备的代码包（已编译好，可直接运行，内含编译运行命令，直接复制粘贴即可）

https://download.csdn.net/download/have_a_cat/75366720https://download.csdn.net/download/have_a_cat/75366720

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