java 发送http请求（提交form表单）

 

写一个servlet用于测试请求

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Abc extends HttpServlet {

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("doGet");
		this.doPost(request, response);
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("doPost");
		System.out.println("aaa : "+request.getParameter("aaa"));
		System.out.println("param1 : "+request.getParameter("param1"));
		
		System.out.println(request.getHeader("avc"));
		
		PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
		pw.write(request.getParameter("param1"));
		pw.flush();
		pw.close();
	}

}

 

web.xml配置文件

 <servlet>
    <description></description>
    <display-name>Abc</display-name>
    <servlet-name>Abc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.Abc</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>Abc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/Abc</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

 

抽象出一个工具请求类

package http;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

public class HttpUtil {

	public static String http(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
		URL u = null;
		HttpURLConnection con = null;
		// 构建请求参数
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		if (params != null) {
			for (Entry<String, String> e : params.entrySet()) {
				sb.append(e.getKey());
				sb.append("=");
				sb.append(e.getValue());
				sb.append("&");
			}
			sb.substring(0, sb.length() - 1);
		}
		System.out.println("send_url:" + url);
		System.out.println("send_data:" + sb.toString());
		// 尝试发送请求
		try {
			u = new URL(url);
			con = (HttpURLConnection) u.openConnection();
			 POST 只能为大写，严格限制，post会不识别
			con.setRequestMethod("POST");
			con.setDoOutput(true);
			con.setDoInput(true);
			con.setUseCaches(false);
			con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
			OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(con.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
			osw.write(sb.toString());
			osw.flush();
			osw.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (con != null) {
				con.disconnect();
			}
		}

		// 读取返回内容
		StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
		try {
			//一定要有返回值，否则无法把请求发送给server端。
			BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
			String temp;
			while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {
				buffer.append(temp);
				buffer.append("\n");
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		return buffer.toString();
	}

}

 备注：一定要获取返回值，否则请求无法到达。

readLine()为阻塞方法，会等待服务器的响应，否则会一直等待

con.setDoOutput(true); 这个表示是要发送请求到URL地址，没有这句话server是不会响应的。

参数的传递方式类似于在URL后面添加"?key=value&key1=value1"这种方式

 

 

测试类

@Test
	public void test3() {
		Map parames = new HashMap<String, String>();
		parames.put("param1", "param1_value");
		parames.put("param2", "param2_value");
		parames.put("param3", "param3_value");
		// 如果地址栏中有aaa这个参数，则默认选择地址栏的，如果没有则选择添加的参数
		parames.put("aaa", "aaa_value");
		HttpUtil.http("http://localhost:8080/a/Abc?aaa=dddd", parames);
	}