SpringFramework(2)

一、Spring基础

1、核心

（1）IoC/Dependency Injection

l         IoC/Dependency Injection（依赖注入）：Beans不依赖于框架；容器注入依赖

l         轻量级Spring容器：配置和管理Beans

（2）BeanFactory

l         轻量级Bean容器

l         载入Bean定义，包括：

?         id/name

?         class

?         singleton或原型

?         属性

?         构造参数

?         初始化方法

?         析构方法

（3）XmlBeanFactory

l         BeanFactory实现

l         Beans定义的例子：

<beans>
     
     

<bean id="exampleBean" class="eg.ExampleBean"/>
     
     

<bean id="anotherExample" class="eg.ExampleBeanTwo"/>
     
     

</beans>
     
     

l         使用的例子：

InputStream input = new FileInputStream("beans.xml");
     
     

BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(input);
     
     

ExampleBean eb = (ExampleBean)factory.getBean("exampleBean");
     
     

ExampleBeanTwo eb2 = (ExampleBeanTwo)factory.getBean("anotherExample");
     
     

可能会抛出NoSuchBeanDefinitionException；

ExampleBean eb = (ExampleBean)factory.getBean("exampleBean", ExampleBean.class);
     
     

可能会抛出BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException；

（4）Bean协作者

l         你的Bean工作所需要的其它Bean

package eg;
     
     

public class ExampleBean {
     
     

private AnotherBean beanOne;
     
     

private YetAnotherBean beanTwo;
     
     

public void setBeanOne(AnotherBean b) { beanOne = b; }
     
     

public void setBeanTwo(YetAnotherBean b) { beanTwo = b; }
     
     

}
     
     

<bean id="exampleBean" class="eg.ExampleBean">
     
     

<property name="beanOne"><ref bean="anotherExampleBean"/></property>
     
     

<property name="beanTwo"><ref bean="yetAnotherBean"/></property>
     
     

</bean>
     
     

<bean id="anotherExampleBean" class="eg.AnotherBean"/>
     
     

<bean id="yetAnotherBean" class="eg.YetAnotherBean"/>
     
     

（5）Bean属性

l         设置Bean属性

package eg;
     
     

public class ExampleBean {
     
     

private String s;
     
     

private int i;
     
     

public void setStringProperty(String s) { this.s = s; }
     
     

public void setIntegerProperty(int i) { this.i = i; }
     
     

}
     
     

<bean id="exampleBean" class="eg.ExampleBean">
     
     

<property name="stringProperty"><value>Hi!</value></property>
     
     

<property name="integerProperty"><value>1</value></property>
     
     

</bean>
     
     

（6）属性编辑器

l         转换String类型为各种对象类型

l         实现java.beans.PropertyEditor

l         标准Java类型：Bool、Byte、Color、Double、Float、Font、Int、Long、Short、String

l         标准Spring类型：Class、File、Locale、Properties、StringArray、URL

l         定制Spring类型：CustomBoolean、CustomDate、CustomNumber、CustomStringTrimmer

（7）标准属性编辑器

l         例子：

<property name="intProperty"><value>7</value></property>
     
     

<property name="doubleProperty"><value>0.25</value></property>
     
     

<property name="booleanProperty"><value>true</value></property>
     
     

<property name="colorProperty"><value>0,255,0</value></property>
     
     

java.awt.Color是用RGB值来初始化的

（8）Spring属性编辑器

l         例子：

<property name="classProperty">
     
     

<value>java.lang.Object</value>
     
     

</property>
     
     

<property name="fileProperty">
     
     

<value>/home/ziba/file.txt</value>
     
     

</property>
     
     

<property name="localeProperty">
     
     

<value>pt_BR</value>
     
     

</property>
     
     

<property name="urlProperty">
     
     

<value>http://java.net</value>
     
     

</property>
     
     

<property name="stringArrayProperty">
     
     

<value>foo,bar,baz</value>
     
     

</property>
     
     

（9）定制属性编辑器

l         Date例子：

DateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("d/M/yyyy");
     
     

CustomDateEditor dateEditor = new CustomDateEditor(fmt, false);
     
     

beanFactory.registerCustomEditor(java.util.Date.class, dateEditor);
     
     

<property name="date"><value>19/2/2004</value></property>
     
     

l         StringTrimming例子：Trim字符串，转换空串为null值

StringTrimmerEditor trimmer = new StringTrimmerEditor(true);
     
     

beanFactory.registerCustomEditor(java.lang.String.class, trimmer);
     
     

<property name="string1"><value> hello </value></property>
     
     

<property name="string2"><value></value></property>
     
     

<property name="string2"><null/></property>
     
     

（10）java.util.Properties

l         Properties的例子：

<property name="propertiesProperty">
     
     

<value>
     
     

foo=1
     
     

bar=2
     
     

baz=3
     
     

</value>
     
     

</property>
     
     

<property name="propertiesProperty">
     
     

<props>
     
     

<prop key="foo">1</prop>
     
     

<prop key="bar">2</prop>
     
     

<prop key="baz">3</prop>
     
     

</props>
     
     

</property>
     
     

（11）java.util.List

l         List的例子：

<property name="listProperty">
     
     

<list>
     
     

<value>a list element</value>
     
     

<ref bean="otherBean"/>
     
     

<ref bean="anotherBean"/>
     
     

</list>
     
     

</property>
     
     

（12）java.util.Set

l         Set的例子：

<property name="setProperty">
     
     

<set>
     
     

<value>a set element</value>
     
     

<ref bean="otherBean"/>
     
     

<ref bean="anotherBean"/>
     
     

</set>
     
     

</property>
     
     

（13）java.util.Map

l         Map的例子：

<property name="mapProperty">
     
     

<map>
     
     

<entry key="yup an entry">
     
     

<value>just some string</value>
     
     

</entry>
     
     

<entry key="yup a ref">
     
     

<ref bean="otherBean"/>
     
     

</entry>
     
     

</map>
     
     

</property>
     
     

（14）构造方法

l         构造方法的例子：

public class ExampleBean {
     
     

private AnotherBean beanOne;
     
     

private YetAnotherBean beanTwo;
     
     

private int i;
     
     

public ExampleBean(AnotherBean b1, YetAnotherBean b2, int i) {
     
     

this.beanOne = b1;
     
     

this.beanTwo = b2;
     
     

this.i = i;
     
     

}
     
     

}
     
     

<bean id="exampleBean" class="eg.ExampleBean">
     
     

<constructor-arg><ref bean="anotherExampleBean"/></constructor-arg>
     
     

<constructor-arg><ref bean="yetAnotherBean"/></constructor-arg>
     
     

<constructor-arg><value>1</value></constructor-arg>
     
     

</bean>
     
     

<bean id="anotherExampleBean" class="eg.AnotherBean"/>
     
     

<bean id="yetAnotherBean" class="eg.YetAnotherBean"/>
     
     

（15）Bean生命周期

l         Beans在它第一次使用时，能够被factory初始化

public class ExampleBean {
     
     

public void init() {
     
     

// do some initialization work
     
     

}
     
     

}
     
     

<bean id="exampleBean" class="eg.ExampleBean" init-method="init"/>
     
     

l         Beans在不再使用时，能够被清除

public class ExampleBean {
     
     

public void cleanup() {
     
     

// do some destruction work
     
     

}
     
     

}
     
     

<bean id="exampleBean" class="eg.ExampleBean" destroy-method="cleanup"/>
     
     

（16）PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer

l         从外部Properties文件中并入属性

<bean id="dataSource"
     
     

class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
     
     

destroy-method="close">
     
     

<property name="driverClassName">
     
     

<value>${jdbc.driverClassName}</value>
     
     

</property>
     
     

<property name="url"><value>${jdbc.url}</value></property>
     
     

<property name="username"><value>${jdbc.username}</value></property>
     
     

<property name="password"><value>${jdbc.password}</value></property>
     
     

</bean>
     
     

jdbc.properties

jdbc.driverClassName=org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver
     
     

jdbc.url=jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://production:9002
     
     

jdbc.username=sa
     
     

jdbc.password=root
     
     

l         安装Configurer

InputStream input = new FileInputStream("beans.xml");
      
      

XmlBeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(input);

Properties props = new Properties();

props.load(new FileInputStream("jdbc.properties"));

PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer cfg = new PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer();
     
     

cfg.setProperties(props);
     
     

cfg.postProcessBeanFactory(factory);
     
     

DataSource ds = (DataSource)factory.getBean("dataSource");

（17）MethodInvokingFactoryBean

l         暴露使用Singleton模式的Bean

package eg;

public class MySingleton {

private static MySingleton instance = new MySingleton();

private MySingleton() {}

public static MySingleton getInstance() {

return instance;

}

}

<bean name="mySingleton"

class="...beans.factory.config.MethodInvokingFactoryBean">

<property name="staticMethod">

<value>eg.MySingleton.getInstance</value>

</property>

</bean>

FactoryBean代表另一个类创建Bean

（18）FactoryBean引用

l         获得FactoryBean自己的引用：

MySingleton singleton = (MySingleton)ctx.getBean("mySingleton");
     
     

获得由factory创建的Bean

FactoryBean factory = (FactoryBean)ctx.getBean("&mySingleton");

获得factory

（19）高级特性

l         单例/原型

l         Autowiring：对于type，要求每种需要的类型具有单实例；对于name，要求匹配每个属性名字的Bean名字（对非简单属性）

l         依赖检查

l         BeanWrapper

l         InitializingBean/DisposableBean接口

l         BeanFactoryAware/BeanNameAware接口