Day13 2021.3.28
网络编程
概念
计算机网络是允许节点共享资源的数字电信网络。在计算机网络中,计算设备使用节点之间的连接(数据链路)相互交换数据。这些数据链路通过有线介质(如电线或光缆)或无线介质(如Wi-Fi)建立。
1.如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机,192.168.16.124:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源。
2.找到了这个主机,如何传输数据
网络通信的要素
通信双方的地址:
-
ip
-
端口号
规则:
TCP/IP参考模型:
InetAddress类(IP)
此类表示Internet协议(IP)地址。
-
127.0.0.1:本机localhost
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
-
ip地址的分类:
-
ipv4/ipv6
- ipv4 127.0.0.1,4个字节组成,0~255
- ipv6 fe80::a94b:c5d8:4989:88bd%10,128位,8个无符号整数
-
公网/局域网
- 192.168.xx.xx 是专门给组织内部使用
-
注:n为网络编号位,h为主机编号位 A类地址:0nnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh A类地址具有7位网络编号,因此可定义125个A类网络{27-2(网络编号不能是全0或全1)-1(127为环回地址)}每个网络可以拥有的主机数为16777214{224-2(主机位不能是全0或全1)} 十进制表示范围:1.0.0.1-126.255.255.254 B类地址:10nnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh B类地址具有14位网络编号,因此可定义16382个B类网络{214-2} 每个网络可以拥有的主机数为65534{216-2} 十进制表示范围:128.0.0.1-191.255.255.254 C类地址:110nnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh C类地址具有21位网络编号,因此可定义2097152个C类地址{221-2} 每个网络可以拥有的主机数为254{28-2} 十进制表示范围:192.0.0.1-223.255.255.254 D类地址:1110xxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx D类地址用于组播,前面4位1110引导,后面28位为组播地址ID。 十进制表示范围:224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255 E类地址:总是以1111四位引导 E类地址用于研究用 十进制表示范围:240-
-
package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day013.Demo01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
/*
InetAddress类
测试IP
*/
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("LocalHost");
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网站地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//getHostAddress() 返回文本显示中的IP地址字符串
//getHostName() 获取此IP地址的主机名
//getCanonicalHostName() 获取此IP地址的完全限定域名(规范)
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
InetSocketAddress(端口)
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
-
用来区分软件
-
0~65535
-
TCP,UDP
-
0~1023为特殊
-
HTTP:80
-
HTTPS:443
-
FTP:21
-
SSH:22
-
Telent:23
-
-
程序注册端口:2014~49151
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
-
动态、私有:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看5900端口 tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看8696端口的进程
package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day013.Demo01; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; /* java.net.InetSocketAddress 该类实现IP套接字地址(IP地址+端口号)它也可以是一对(主机名+端口号),在这种情况下将尝试解析主机名 构造方法: InetSocketAddress(InetAddress addr, int port)从IP地址和端口号创建套接字地址。 重点: C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc 下host文件配置ip */ public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080); System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getAddress()); System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName()); System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort()); } }
通信协议
TCP/IP协议簇
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议(打电话)
- 连接、稳定
- 三次握手、四次挥手
- 客户端、服务端
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
- UDP:用户数据报协议(发短信)
- 不连接、不稳定
- 客户端、服务端,没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- DDOS:洪水攻击(饱和攻击)
出名的协议:
-
TCP:用户传输协议
-
IP:网络互连协议
TCP实现通信
package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day013.Demo02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket =null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.要有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true){
//2.等待客户端连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
/* byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(bytes))!=-1){
String msg = new String(bytes,0,len);
System.out.println(msg);
}*/
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(bytes))!=-1){
baos.write(bytes,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day013.Demo02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址
InetAddress inetAddress =InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
//2.需要一个端口号
int port = 9999;
//3.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(inetAddress,port);
//4.发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好".getBytes());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
TCP实现文件上传
package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day013.Demo02;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个端口
ServerSocket serversocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serversocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc"));
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len = is.read(bytes))!=-1){
fos.write(bytes,0,len);
}
//通知客户端接收完毕
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
serversocket.close();
}
}
package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day013.Demo02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件流
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len = fis.read(bytes))!=-1){
os.write(bytes,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经传输完了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[] 管道流
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] bytes1 = new byte[1024];
int len1 = 0;
while ((len1 = is.read(bytes1))!=-1){
baos.write(bytes,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
is.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
初识Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器 S JAVA后台开发
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
UDP消息发送
/*
java.net.DatagramPacket 该类表示数据报包
构造方法:
DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int length) 构造一个 DatagramPacket用于接收长度的数据包 length
*/
/*
java.net.DatagramSocket 此类表示用于发送和接收数据报数据包的套接字
构造方法:
DatagramSocket(int port, InetAddress laddr)创建一个数据报套接字,绑定到指定的本地地址
*/
package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day013.Demo03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好,服务器";
//DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length);
//发送给谁
InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,ip,port);
//数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day013.Demo03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpSeverDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes,0,bytes.length);
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
UDP聊天实现
如何开启Windows端口->实现电脑间的通信
package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day013.Chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIp;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIp, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIp = toIp;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
//准备数据:控制台读取System.in
while (true){
String data = null;
try {
data = reader.readLine();
byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes,0,bytes.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day013.Chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class TalkReceiver implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceiver(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes,0,bytes.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiverData = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiverData);
if (receiverData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day013.Chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceiver(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day013.Chat;
public class TeacherTalk {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceiver(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
URL
统一资源定位符,定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一资源
只要知道网络地址就可以下载资源(网易云的付费音乐)
协议: //ip地址: 端口/项目名/资源
package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day013.Demo04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://www.kuangstudy.com/course/play/1317506651985301506");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("a.txt");
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len=is.read())!=-1){
fos.write(bytes,0,len);
}
fos.close();
is.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("a.txt");
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len=is.read())!=-1){
fos.write(bytes,0,len);
}
fos.close();
is.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}