Day14 2021.3.29 GUI编程

Day14 2021.3.29

GUI编程

概念

组件：

• 窗口

• 弹窗

• 面板

• 文本框

• 列表框

• 按钮

• 图片

• 监听事件

• 鼠标事件

• 键盘事件

核心技术：Swing AWT

AWT

1. 包含了很多的类和接口

2. 元素：窗口、按钮、文本框

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-0U2jh1gX-1617008498104)(C:\Users\asus\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210329123520103.png)]

Frame容器

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo01;

import java.awt.*;

/*
java.awt.Frame 一个标题和边框的顶级窗口
构造方法:
    Frame(String title) 构造一个新的，最初不可见的 Frame对象，其中包含指定的标题。
常用方法:
    1.setBackground(Color bgColor)设置此窗口的背景颜色
    2.setIconImage(Image image)将要显示的图像设置为此窗口的图标
    3.setMenuBar(MenuBar mb)将此框架的菜单栏设置为指定的菜单栏
    4.setOpacity(float opacity)设置窗口的不透明度
    5.setResizable(boolean resizable)设置该框架是否可以由用户调整大小
    6.setShape(Shape shape)设置窗口的形状
    7.setTitle(String title)将此框架的标题设置为指定的字符串
    8.setVisible(true)设置可见性
    9.setLocation(x,y)窗口弹出的初始位置
*/
public class Demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Frame
        Frame frame = new Frame("第一个图像窗口");
        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //设置大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);
        //设置背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
        //弹出初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);
        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);
        //展示多个窗口
        Myframe myframe1 = new Myframe(100,100,200,200,Color.blue);
        Myframe myframe2 = new Myframe(100,300,200,200,Color.BLACK);
        Myframe myframe3 = new Myframe(300,100,200,200,Color.GREEN);
        Myframe myframe4 = new Myframe(300,300,200,200,Color.red);
    }
}
class Myframe extends Frame{
    static int id = 0;//可能存在多个窗口,需要一个计数器
    public Myframe(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("Myframe"+(++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

面板Panel

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/*
java.awt.Panel最简单的容器类
构造方法:
    Panel(LayoutManager layout)使用指定的布局管理器创建一个新面板。
*/
public class Demo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //布局的概念
        Panel panel = new Panel();
        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);
        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(Color.blue);
        //panel设置坐标,
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(Color.green);
        //frame.add(panel)
        frame.add(panel);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //监听事件,监听窗口关闭
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

布局管理器

• 流式布局 FlowLayout
• 东西南北中 BorderLayout
• 表格布局 GridLayout

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo01;

import java.awt.*;

public class Demo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        //流式布局 FlowLayout
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));

        //东西南北中 BorderLayout
        //frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);

        //表格布局 GridLayout
        //frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));


        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        //frame.pack();自动最优填充
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-9n6K0Pmt-1617008498105)(C:\Users\asus\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210329132920577.png)]

事件监听

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class Demo04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮,出发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
        //构造一个ActionListener
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
        frame.add(button);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
    //关闭窗口事件
    private static void WindowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

文本域

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Demo05 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        new MyFrame();
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        //TextArea textArea = new TextArea();//多行文本
        TextField textField = new TextField();//单行文本
        add(textField);
        //监听文本框输入的文字 按下Enter就可以获得事件
        textField.addActionListener(new Myaction());
        //textField.setEchoChar('*');文本设置成*
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
class Myaction implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获取一些资源
        System.out.println(field.getText());
    }
}

简易计算器

组合：

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//简易计算器
public class Demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calulator calulator = new Calulator();
        calulator.load();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calulator extends Frame{
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    Button button;
    Label label;
    public void load(){
        //3个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
        //一个按钮
        button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new Myac(this));
        //1个标签
        label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    public Calulator(){
    }
}
//监听器类
class Myac implements ActionListener{
    //获取三个变量
    //private TextField num1,num2,num3;
    Calulator calulator = null;
    public Myac(/*TextField num1, TextField num2, TextField num3*/Calulator calulator) {
//        this.num1 = num1;
//        this.num2 = num2;
//        this.num3 = num3;
        this.calulator = calulator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //在一个类中组合另外一个类
        //1.获得加数和被加数
/*        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());*/
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calulator.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calulator.num2.getText());
        //2.相加
        int n3 = n1 + n2;
        calulator.num3.setText(""+(n3));
        //3.清除两个加数
        calulator.num1.setText("");
        calulator.num2.setText("");
    }
}

内部类：

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//简易计算器
public class Demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calulator calulator = new Calulator();
        calulator.load();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calulator extends Frame{
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    Button button;
    Label label;
    public void load(){
        //3个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
        //一个按钮
        button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new Myac());
        //1个标签
        label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    public Calulator(){
    }
    //监听器类
    private class Myac implements ActionListener{

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //在一个类中组合另外一个类
            //1.获得加数和被加数
/*        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());*/
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            //2.相加
            int n3 = n1 + n2;
            num3.setText(""+(n3));
            //3.清除两个加数
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

画笔

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo02;

import java.awt.*;

public class Demo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //super.paint(g);
        //画笔需要有颜色,可以画画
        g.setColor(Color.green);
        //g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);//空心圆
        //g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心圆
        //g.fillRect(150,500,200,200);//矩形
    }
}

鼠标监听

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package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

/*
实现鼠标画画,测试鼠标监听事件
*/
public class Demo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}
//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    ArrayList points;
    //画画需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前的位置,需要集合来存储这个点
    public MyFrame(String string){
        super(string);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        //存鼠标点击的点
        points =  new ArrayList<>();
        setVisible(true);
        //鼠标监听器
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMol());
    }
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画,需要监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.blue);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }
    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }
    //适配器模式
    private class MyMol extends MouseAdapter {
        //鼠标点击、按下、弹起、按住不放

        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame myFrame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            myFrame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
            //每次点击鼠标都要重新画一次
            myFrame.repaint();//刷新
        }
    }
}

窗口监听

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/*
实现窗口监听
*/
public class Demo04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

    }
}
class WindowsFrame extends Frame {
    public WindowsFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        //addWindowListener(this);
        this.addWindowListener(
                //匿名内部类
                new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);//正常退出0  非正常退出1
            }
        });
    }
}

键盘监听

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class Demo05 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyKeyFrame();
    }
}
class MyKeyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyKeyFrame(){
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);
        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘按下的键是哪一个
                int key = e.getKeyCode();
                System.out.println(key);
                if (key == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

Swing

JFrame

标签居中:

label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

/*
    JFrame
*/
public class Demo01 {
    //init()初始化
    public void init(){
        //顶级窗口
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame方法");
        frame.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setBackground(Color.blue);
        //设置文字 JLabel
        JLabel label = new JLabel("one");
        frame.add(label);
        //让文本标签居中 设置水平对齐
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        //容器实例化  获得一个容器
        Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.green);
        contentPane.setBounds(10,10,200,200);
        contentPane.setVisible(true);
        //关闭事件
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Demo01().init();
    }
}

JDialog弹窗

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

/*
JDialog弹窗
*/
//主窗口
public class Demo02 extends JFrame {
    public Demo02(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //JFrame容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);
        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
        //点击这个按钮的时候,弹出一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialog();
            }
        });
        container.add(button);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Demo02();
    }
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialog extends JDialog{
    public MyDialog() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBackground(Color.blue);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        //this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        JLabel label = new JLabel("学JAVA");
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        container.add(label);
    }
}

标签

标签Label

new Label("***")

图标Icon

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

/*
    Icon
*/
public class Iconcon extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int heigth;
    public Iconcon(){}
    public Iconcon(int width, int heigth) {
        this.width = width;
        this.heigth = heigth;
    }
    public void init(){
        Iconcon icon = new Iconcon(15,15);
        //图标放在标签,也可以放在按钮上
        JLabel icon1 = new JLabel("icon", icon, SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(icon1);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,heigth);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.heigth;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Iconcon().init();
    }
}

图标ImageIcon

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImafeIconDe extends JFrame{
    public ImafeIconDe(){
        //获取图片的地址
        JLabel label = new JLabel("ImafeIcon");
        URL url = ImageIcon.class.getResource("tx.jpg");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImafeIconDe();
    }
}

面板

JPanel

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Jpanel1 extends JFrame {
    public Jpanel1() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//上下的间距
        JPanel jp = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        jp.add(new JButton("1"));
        jp.add(new JButton("2"));
        jp.add(new JButton("3"));
        container.add(jp);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Jpanel1();
    }
}

JScrollPane

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScroll1 extends JFrame {
    public JScroll1() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //文本域
        JTextArea jta = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        jta.setText("学习JAVA");
        //JScrollPane面板
        JScrollPane jScroll = new JScrollPane(jta);
        container.add(jScroll);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScroll1();
    }
}

按钮

图片按钮

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day014.Demo05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JBu11 extends JFrame {
    public JBu11() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL url = JBu11.class.getResource("tx.jpj");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);
        //把这个图标按在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");//按钮标签

        container.add(button);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,300);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JBu11();
    }
}

单选按钮

        JRadioButton button1 = new JRadioButton("button1");
        JRadioButton button2 = new JRadioButton("button2");
        JRadioButton button3 = new JRadioButton("button3");
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(button1);
        group.add(button2);
        group.add(button3);
        container.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(button2,BorderLayout.EAST);
        container.add(button3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

多选按钮

JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("1");
JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("2");
container.add(checkBox1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(checkBox1,BorderLayout.EAST);

列表

列表框

//生成列表内容
String[] con = {"1","2","3"};
//列表中需要放入内容
JList list = new JList(con);

下拉框

JComboBox status = new JComboBox();
status.addItem(null);
status.addItem("正在上映");
status.addItem("已下架");
status.addItem("即将上映");

应用场景

• 下拉：选择地区，或者一些单个选项
• 列表：展示信息，一般是动态展示

文本框

文本框

JTextField field = new JTextField();//单行文本

密码框

JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();

文本域

TextArea textArea = new TextArea();//文本域

贪吃蛇游戏

rLayout.NORTH);
container.add(button2,BorderLayout.EAST);
container.add(button3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

#### 多选按钮

```java
JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("1");
JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("2");
container.add(checkBox1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(checkBox1,BorderLayout.EAST);

列表

列表框

//生成列表内容
String[] con = {"1","2","3"};
//列表中需要放入内容
JList list = new JList(con);

下拉框

JComboBox status = new JComboBox();
status.addItem(null);
status.addItem("正在上映");
status.addItem("已下架");
status.addItem("即将上映");

应用场景

• 下拉：选择地区，或者一些单个选项
• 列表：展示信息，一般是动态展示

文本框

文本框

JTextField field = new JTextField();//单行文本

密码框

JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();

文本域

TextArea textArea = new TextArea();//文本域

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