Day16 2021.3.31 注解与反射

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-20 14:18:43 发布

hc1235

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-20 14:18:43 发布

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Day16 2021.3.31

注解

//@Override   重写注解
//@FunctionalInterface  函数式接口
//@Deprecated  已废弃的

内置注解

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//@SupperssWarnings("all")
//@SupperssWarnings("unchecked")
//@SupperssWarnings(value={"unchecked","deprecation"})

元注解

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//@Target(value = ElementType.METHOD)  用于描述注解的使用范围//描述范围是否为方法
//@Retention(value = RententionPolicy.RUNTIME) 表述需要在什么级别保存该注解信息
//@Documented  说明该注解将被包含在javadoc中
//@Inherited  说明子类可以继承父类中的该注解

自定义注解(@interface)

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//自定义注解
public class Demo01 {
    //注解可以显示赋值
    @MyANNOTATION(name = "你好")
    public void trst(){ }
}
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyANNOTATION{
    //注解的参数 : 参数类型 + 参数名();
    String name() default "";
}

反射(Reflection)

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获得反射对象

//什么叫反射
public class Demo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //通过反射获取类的Class对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day016.Demo01.User");
        System.out.println(c1);
        //一个类在内存中只有一个Class对象
        //一个类被加载后,类的整个结构都会被封装在Class对象中
    }
}

//实体类
class User{
    private String name;
    private int id;
    private int age;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name, int id, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

Class类的常用方法

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package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day016.Demo01;
//测试Class类的创建方式有哪些
public class Demo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //new 方法
        Person person = new Student();
        System.out.println("这个人是:" + person.name);

        //方法一 : 通过对象获得
        Class c1 =person.getClass();
        System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
        //方法二 : forName获得
        Class c2 = Class.forName("com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day016.Demo01.Student");
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        //方法三 : 通过类名.class
        Class c3 = Student.class;
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
        //方法四 : 内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
        Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
        System.out.println(c4);
        //获得父类类型
        Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
        System.out.println(c5);
    }
}
class Person{
    String name;

    public Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Person() {
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

class Student extends Person{
    public Student(){
        this.name = "学生";
    }
}
class Teacher extends Person{
    public Teacher(){
        this.name = "老师";
    }
}

所有类的Class对象(ALT +左键选择复制)

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day016.Demo01;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.util.Comparator;

//所有类型的Class
public class Demo04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class c1 = Object.class;//类
        Class c2 = Comparator.class;//接口
        Class c3 = String[].class;//一维数组
        Class c4 = int[][].class;//二维数组
        Class c5 = Override.class;//注解
        Class c6 = ElementType.class;//枚举
        Class c7 = Integer.class;//基本数据类型
        Class c8 = void.class;//void
        Class c9 = Class.class;//Class
        System.out.println(c1);
        System.out.println(c2);
        System.out.println(c3);
        System.out.println(c4);
        System.out.println(c5);
        System.out.println(c6);
        System.out.println(c7);
        System.out.println(c8);
        System.out.println(c9);
    }
}

类加载的内存分析

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获取类的运动时结构

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day016.Demo02;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

/*
获得类的运行时的结构
*/
public class Demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day016.Demo01.Student");
        //获取类的名字
        System.out.println(c1.getName());//类名+包名
        System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());//类名

        //获得类的属性
        System.out.println("========================");
        Field[] fields = c1.getFields();//只能找到public方法的属性
        fields = c1.getDeclaredFields();//可以找到全部的属性
        for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println(field);
        }
        //获得指定属性或方法的
        //Field[] name = c1.getDeclaredField();//获得本类的所有属性
        //Field[] name = c1.getFields();//获得本类和父类的所有属性
        //Method[] method = c1.getDeclaredMethod();//获得本类的所有方法
        //Method[] method = c1.getMethods();//获得本类和父类的所有方法
        //Mathod getName = c1.getMethod("getName",null);

        //获得指定的构造器
        System.out.println("===========================");
       //c1.getConstructors();只能找到public
       //c1.getDeclaredConstructors();可以找到全部
    }
}

动态创建对象的执行方法

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day016.Demo02;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

//动态的创建对象,通过反射
public class Demo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException {
        //获得Class对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day016.Demo01.User");

        //构造一个对象
/*        User user = (User) c1.newInstance();//本质上调用了类的无参构造器
        System.out.println(user);*/

        //通过构造器创建对象
/*        Constructor cc = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class,int.class,int.class);
        User user = (User)cc.newInstance("你好",001,18);
        System.out.println(user);*/

        //通过反射调用普通方法   invoke(对象,值)  激活
        //User user = (User) c1.newInstance();
        //Method method = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
        //method.invoke(user,"你好");
        //System.out.println(user.method());

        //通过反射调用属性,不能直接调用私有属性,需要关闭程序的安全检测
        //User user = (User) c1.newInstance();
        //Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        //name.setAccessible(true);  关闭安全检测
        //name.set(user,"你好");
        //System.out.println(user.getName());

    }
}

获取泛型信息

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获取注解信息

package com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day016.Demo02;

import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

//练习反射操作注解
public class Demo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.hong.Day011_Day020.Day016.Demo02.Student1");
        //通过反射获得注解
        Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
            System.out.println(annotation);
        }
        //获得指定注解的value值
        Table table = (Table) c1.getAnnotation(Table.class);
        String s = table.value();
        System.out.println(s);
        //获得类指定的注解
        Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        Field1 ann = f.getAnnotation(Field1.class);
        System.out.println(ann.columnName());
        System.out.println(ann.length());
        System.out.println(ann.type());
    }
}
@Table("db_student")
class Student1{
    @Field1(columnName = "db_id",type = "int",length = 10)
    private int id;
    @Field1(columnName = "db_age",type = "int",length = 10)
    private int age;
    @Field1(columnName = "db_name",type = "String",length = 3)
    private String name;

    public Student1(int id, int age, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Student1() {
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student1{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Table{
    String value();
}
//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Field1{
    String columnName();
    String type();
    int length();
}
d=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Table{
    String value();
}
//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Field1{
    String columnName();
    String type();
    int length();
}