经纬度坐标转换到平面坐标

通常经纬度坐标转平面坐标有两种做法：

• 墨卡托坐标投影(UTM坐标系)
• 米勒坐标投影

1. 米勒坐标系

package sg.edu.ntu.huangcheng;

public class MillerCoordinate {
	public static double[] MillierConvertion(double lat, double lon)
	{
	     double L = 6381372 * Math.PI * 2;//地球周长
	     double W=L;// 平面展开后，x轴等于周长
	     double H=L/2;// y轴约等于周长一半
	     double mill=2.3;// 米勒投影中的一个常数，范围大约在正负2.3之间
	     double x = lon * Math.PI / 180;// 将经度从度数转换为弧度
	     double y = lat * Math.PI / 180;// 将纬度从度数转换为弧度
	     y=1.25 * Math.log( Math.tan( 0.25 * Math.PI + 0.4 * y ) );// 米勒投影的转换
	     // 弧度转为实际距离
         x = ( W / 2 ) + ( W / (2 * Math.PI) ) * x;
         y = ( H / 2 ) - ( H / ( 2 * mill ) ) * y;
         double[] result=new double[2];
         result[0]=x;
         result[1]=y;
         return result;
	}
}

1. UTM坐标系

          缺点：由于UTM坐标系将整个地球划分为不同的区域(ZONES)，不同区域的坐标间距很难计算。

     

package sg.edu.ntu.huangcheng;

/*
 * Author: Sami Salkosuo, sami.salkosuo@fi.ibm.com
 *
 * (c) Copyright IBM Corp. 2007
 */

import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Map;

public class CoordinateConversion
{

  public CoordinateConversion()
  {

  }

  public double[] utm2LatLon(String UTM)
  {
    UTM2LatLon c = new UTM2LatLon();
    return c.convertUTMToLatLong(UTM);
  }

  public String latLon2UTM(double latitude, double longitude)
  {
    LatLon2UTM c = new LatLon2UTM();
    return c.convertLatLonToUTM(latitude, longitude);

  }

  private void validate(double latitude, double longitude)
  {
    if (latitude < -90.0 || latitude > 90.0 || longitude < -180.0
        || longitude >= 180.0)
    {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Legal ranges: latitude [-90,90], longitude [-180,180).");
    }

  }

  public String latLon2MGRUTM(double latitude, double longitude)
  {
    LatLon2MGRUTM c = new LatLon2MGRUTM();
    return c.convertLatLonToMGRUTM(latitude, longitude);

  }

  public double[] mgrutm2LatLon(String MGRUTM)
  {
    MGRUTM2LatLon c = new MGRUTM2LatLon();
    return c.convertMGRUTMToLatLong(MGRUTM);
  }

  public double degreeToRadian(double degree)
  {
    return degree * Math.PI / 180;
  }

  public double radianToDegree(double radian)
  {
    return radian * 180 / Math.PI;
  }

  private double POW(double a, double b)
  {
    return Math.pow(a, b);
  }

  private double SIN(double value)
  {
    return Math.sin(value);
  }

  private double COS(double value)
  {
    return Math.cos(value);
  }

  private double TAN(double value)
  {
    return Math.tan(value);
  }

  private class LatLon2UTM
  {
    public String convertLatLonToUTM(double latitude, double longitude)
    {
      validate(latitude, longitude);
      String UTM = "";

      setVariables(latitude, longitude);

      String longZone = getLongZone(longitude);
      LatZones latZones = new LatZones();
      String latZone = latZones.getLatZone(latitude);

      double _easting = getEasting();
      double _northing = getNorthing(latitude);

      UTM = longZone + " " + latZone + " " + ((int) _easting) + " "
          + ((int) _northing);
      // UTM = longZone + " " + latZone + " " + decimalFormat.format(_easting) +
      // " "+ decimalFormat.format(_northing);

      return UTM;

    }

    protected void setVariables(double latitude, double longitude)
    {
      latitude = degreeToRadian(latitude);
      rho = equatorialRadius * (1 - e * e)
          / POW(1 - POW(e * SIN(latitude), 2), 3 / 2.0);

      nu = equatorialRadius / POW(1 - POW(e * SIN(latitude), 2), (1 / 2.0));

      double var1;