C++的一些验证

main 函数之前执行什么?

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class A
{
public:
        A()
        {
                cout << "constructor A ... \n";
        }

        ~A()
        {
                cout << "destructor ~A \n";
        }
};

A a;

int main(void)
{
        cout << "main start ...\n";
        cout << "main end ...\n";
        return 0;
}

执行结果:
constructor A …
main start …
main end …
destructor ~A

多态与虚函数

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class A
{
public:
        A()
        {
                cout << "constructor A ..." << endl;
        }

        ~A()
        {
                cout << "destructor A ..." << endl;
        }
};

class B : public A
{
public:
        B()
        {
                cout << "constructor B ..." << endl;
        }

        ~B()
        {
                cout << "destructor B ..." << endl;
        }
};


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        A* p = new B;

        delete p;
}

内存释放不完全
执行结果:
constructor A …
constructor B …
destructor A …

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class A
{
public:
        A()
        {
                cout << "constructor A ..." << endl;
        }

        virtual ~A()
        {
                cout << "destructor A ..." << endl;
        }
};

class B : public A
{
public:
        B()
        {
                cout << "constructor B ..." << endl;
        }

        ~B()
        {
                cout << "destructor B ..." << endl;
        }
};


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        A* p = new B;

        delete p;
}

执行结果:
constructor A …
constructor B …
destructor B …
destructor A …

new 0个int

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int* p = new int[0];

        *p = 5;

        cout << "*p = " << *p << endl;

        delete p;
}

执行结果:
*p = 5

神奇的没有报错

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int* p = new int[0];
        char *a = (char *)p;

        strcpy(a, "abcdefg");

        cout << "*a = " << *a << endl;

        delete p;
}

执行结果:
*a = a

看来是分配的一个字节

数组与指针的区别

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int* p = new int[10];

        int a[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};

        cout << sizeof(p) << "  " << sizeof(*p) <<  "  " << sizeof(a) << endl;

        delete p;
}

64位机上的执行结果:
8 4 16

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>

using namespace std;

void fun(int array[])
{
        cout << "sizeof(array): " << sizeof(array) << endl;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int* p = new int[10];

        int a[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};

        cout << sizeof(p) << "  " << sizeof(*p) <<  "  " << sizeof(a) << endl;

        fun(a);

        delete p;
}

执行结果:
8 4 16
sizeof(array): 8

数组用来做参数则会在中间转成同类型的指针