CefSharp 知道这些就完事了

0. 简介

CefSharp,简单来说就是一款.Net编写的浏览器包,方便你在Winform和WPF中内嵌的Chrome浏览器组件。它支持HTML5。
CefSharp的功能比较复杂,以下只介绍一些我觉得比较重要的并且目前经常用的功能。

1. 安装

CefSharp的安装过程如下:

  1. 打开Visual Stduio,新建一个Windows窗体应用(.NET Framework)
  2. 在“工具”菜单打开NuGet包管理器;
  3. 搜索“CefSharp.WinForms”进行安装;
  4. CefSharp不能在“Any CPU”平台上运行,需要配置。打开“配置管理器”;
    在这里插入图片描述
  5. 新建“x86”和“x64”两个平台。从理论上来说使用x86或者x64平台都行,但由于之后要使用编译好的支持h264的x86内核,因此此处选择x86平台;
    在这里插入图片描述
  6. 在 Form1.cs 中添加如下代码;
using CefSharp;
using CefSharp.WinForms;
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApp8 {
    public partial class Form1 : Form {
        ChromiumWebBrowser browser;
        public void InitBrowser() {
            CefSettings settings = new CefSettings();

            // Note that if you get an error or a white screen, you may be doing something wrong !
            // Try to load a local file that you're sure that exists and give the complete path instead to test
            // for example, replace page with a direct path instead :
            // String page = @"C:\Users\SDkCarlos\Desktop\afolder\index.html";

            // String page = string.Format(@"{0}\html-resources\html\index.html", Application.StartupPath);
            String url = "http://www.html5test.com";

            // Initialize cef with the provided settings
            Cef.Initialize(settings);
            // Create a browser component
            browser = new ChromiumWebBrowser(url);

            // Add it to the form and fill it to the form window.
            this.Controls.Add(browser);
            browser.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;

            // Allow the use of local resources in the browser
            BrowserSettings browserSettings = new BrowserSettings();
            browserSettings.FileAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
            browserSettings.UniversalAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
            browser.BrowserSettings = browserSettings;
        }

        public Form1() {
            InitializeComponent();
            InitBrowser();
        }
    }
}
  1. 调试程序,发现窗口有白边,原因是没有设置高分屏适配,按照C# WinForm程序设计的第1.3节的方法设置即可;
  2. 调试程序,得到最终效果。
    在这里插入图片描述

2. H.264支持

默认情况下,CefSharp是不支持H.264的,因此不可以进行视频播放。为了使其支持视频播放,需要修改其内核文件,操作步骤如下:
注:请确保安装的CefSharp.WinForms是79.1.360版本的!

  1. 下载我的老师(感谢他!)编译好的支持H264的内核文件 libcef.dll ;
    链接:下载地址
    提取码:8q2u
  2. 用其替换packages目录下的同名文件;
    在这里插入图片描述
  3. 调试程序,查看效果。显然浏览器已支持H.264。
    在这里插入图片描述

3. 加载本地HTML文件

除了使用CefSharp浏览器访问网络地址,还有一个重要的用途就是访问本地文件。
首先将需要用到的HTML和其他静态文件拷贝到工程目录,并设置“复制到输出目录”:
在这里插入图片描述
然后编写如下代码:

using CefSharp;
using CefSharp.WinForms;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApp8 {
    public partial class Form1 : Form {
        ChromiumWebBrowser browser;
        public void InitBrowser() {
            CefSettings settings = new CefSettings();

            // Note that if you get an error or a white screen, you may be doing something wrong !
            // Try to load a local file that you're sure that exists and give the complete path instead to test
            // for example, replace page with a direct path instead :
            // String page = @"C:\Users\SDkCarlos\Desktop\afolder\index.html";

            // String page = string.Format(@"{0}\html-resources\html\index.html", Application.StartupPath);
            String url = string.Format(@"{0}\ui\test.html", Application.StartupPath);

            if (!File.Exists(url)) {
                MessageBox.Show("Error: File doesn't exists : " + url);
            }

            // Initialize cef with the provided settings
            Cef.Initialize(settings);
            // Create a browser component
            browser = new ChromiumWebBrowser(url);

            // Add it to the form and fill it to the form window.
            this.Controls.Add(browser);
            browser.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;

            // Allow the use of local resources in the browser
            BrowserSettings browserSettings = new BrowserSettings();
            browserSettings.FileAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
            browserSettings.UniversalAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
            browser.BrowserSettings = browserSettings;
        }

        public Form1() {
            InitializeComponent();
            InitBrowser();
        }
    }
}

调试程序,可以看到效果:
在这里插入图片描述

4. 多个窗口显示浏览器

如果有多个窗口都需要显示浏览器,每个窗口的代码并不完全相同。
主窗口的代码如上一节所示,新的窗口的代码如下:

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using CefSharp;
using CefSharp.WinForms;
using System.IO;

namespace WindowsFormsApp8 {
    public partial class Form2 : Form {
        ChromiumWebBrowser browser;
        public void InitBrowser() {
            String url = string.Format(@"{0}\ui\test.html", Application.StartupPath);

            if (!File.Exists(url)) {
                MessageBox.Show("Error: File doesn't exists : " + url);
            }

            browser = new ChromiumWebBrowser(url);

            this.Controls.Add(browser);
            browser.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
        }

        public Form2() {
            InitializeComponent();
            InitBrowser();
        }
    }
}

显然,与主窗口的区别是去掉了“Cef.Initialize()”部分。
运行效果如下:
在这里插入图片描述

5. 执行JavaScript代码

如果需要通过程序控制网页的显示、流程,最明显的方法莫过于执行JavaScript代码了。特别是如果使用Vue.js框架,那么通过JS可以实现“模板渲染”的功能。以下展示了一个示例。
注意:ExecuteScriptAsync()方法是异步执行的,程序并不会阻塞!

  1. 编辑HTML文件(Vue.js框架),增加函数接口;
<script>
    const vue = new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            title: '标题1',
        },
    });

    function changeTitle(title) {
        vue.title = title;
    }
</script>
  1. 编写C#代码,请注意两处中文注释的部分;
using CefSharp;
using CefSharp.WinForms;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApp8 {
    public partial class Form1 : Form {
        ChromiumWebBrowser browser;
        public void InitBrowser() {
            CefSettings settings = new CefSettings();

            // Note that if you get an error or a white screen, you may be doing something wrong !
            // Try to load a local file that you're sure that exists and give the complete path instead to test
            // for example, replace page with a direct path instead :
            // String page = @"C:\Users\SDkCarlos\Desktop\afolder\index.html";

            // String page = string.Format(@"{0}\html-resources\html\index.html", Application.StartupPath);
            String url = string.Format(@"{0}\ui\test.html", Application.StartupPath);

            if (!File.Exists(url)) {
                MessageBox.Show("Error: File doesn't exists : " + url);
            }

            // Initialize cef with the provided settings
            Cef.Initialize(settings);
            // Create a browser component
            browser = new ChromiumWebBrowser(url);

            // Add it to the form and fill it to the form window.
            this.Controls.Add(browser);
            browser.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;

            // Allow the use of local resources in the browser
            BrowserSettings browserSettings = new BrowserSettings();
            browserSettings.FileAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
            browserSettings.UniversalAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
            browser.BrowserSettings = browserSettings;

            // 当页面加载完毕时,执行JavaScript代码
            browser.ExecuteScriptAsyncWhenPageLoaded("changeTitle('我不是鸭鸭')");
        }

        public Form1() {
            InitializeComponent();
            InitBrowser();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
            // 当点击按钮时,执行JavaScript代码
            browser.ExecuteScriptAsync("changeTitle('我是鸭鸭')");
        }
    }
}
  1. 调试程序,查看效果。
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述

如果需要执行JavaScript代码并得到返回值,代码可以这么编写:
注意:EvaluateScriptAsync()方法是同步执行的,也就是程序会阻塞!

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
        // 当点击按钮时,执行JavaScript代码
        Task<JavascriptResponse> response = browser.EvaluateScriptAsync("add(1, 2)");

        // response.Result.Result是Object类型
        MessageBox.Show("返回值为:" + response.Result.Result);
}

JavaScript代码:

function add(a, b) {
    for (var i = 0; i < 9999999999; ++i) {
        ;
    }
    return a + b;
}

6. 在JS中调用C#方法

在C#中编写如下代码:(注意中文注释的部分)
以下是同步执行的演示,即JS会阻塞等待C#执行完再继续执行。

using CefSharp;
using CefSharp.WinForms;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApp8 {
    public partial class Form1 : Form {
        ChromiumWebBrowser browser;

        // 创建一个类,用于在JS中访问
        public class JsEvent {
            public void SayHello() {
                MessageBox.Show("你好,C#!");
            }
        }

        public void InitBrowser() {
            CefSettings settings = new CefSettings();

            // Note that if you get an error or a white screen, you may be doing something wrong !
            // Try to load a local file that you're sure that exists and give the complete path instead to test
            // for example, replace page with a direct path instead :
            // String page = @"C:\Users\SDkCarlos\Desktop\afolder\index.html";

            // String page = string.Format(@"{0}\html-resources\html\index.html", Application.StartupPath);
            String url = string.Format(@"{0}\ui\test.html", Application.StartupPath);

            if (!File.Exists(url)) {
                MessageBox.Show("Error: File doesn't exists : " + url);
            }

            // Initialize cef with the provided settings
            Cef.Initialize(settings);
            // Create a browser component
            browser = new ChromiumWebBrowser(url);

            // Add it to the form and fill it to the form window.
            this.Controls.Add(browser);
            browser.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;

            // Allow the use of local resources in the browser
            BrowserSettings browserSettings = new BrowserSettings();
            browserSettings.FileAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
            browserSettings.UniversalAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
            browser.BrowserSettings = browserSettings;

            // 绑定JavaScript对象
            CefSharpSettings.LegacyJavascriptBindingEnabled = true;
            CefSharpSettings.WcfEnabled = true;
            BindingOptions bindingOptions = new BindingOptions();
            // 如果不加此句,那么绑定的方法不能以大写字母开头
            bindingOptions.CamelCaseJavascriptNames = false;
            browser.JavascriptObjectRepository.Register("jsObj", new JsEvent(), isAsync: false, options: bindingOptions);
        }

        public Form1() {
            InitializeComponent();
            InitBrowser();
        }
    }
}

在HTML中编写如下代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link href="./index.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="./vue.min.js"></script>
    <script src="./index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <el-card class="box-card">
        <div slot="header" class="clearfix">
            <span>{{ title }}</span>
            <el-button style="float: right; padding: 3px 0" type="text">操作按钮</el-button>
        </div>
        <div v-for="o in 4" :key="o" class="text item">
            {{ '列表内容 ' + o }}
        </div>
    </el-card>
    <el-button @click="onclick">触发</el-button>
</div>

<script>
    const vue = new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            title: '标题1',
        },
        methods: {
            onclick: function () {
                jsObj.sayHello();
                console.log('调用完毕!');
            }
        },
    });
</script>

</body>
</html>

运行效果:
在这里插入图片描述

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在pip install scikit-learn完事后出现以下报错,ERROR: Exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:\Anaconda\envs\pytorch\lib\site-packages\pip_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 438, in _error_catcher yield File "E:\Anaconda\envs\pytorch\lib\site-packages\pip_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 561, in read data = self._fp_read(amt) if not fp_closed else b"" File "E:\Anaconda\envs\pytorch\lib\site-packages\pip_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 527, in _fp_read return self._fp.read(amt) if amt is not None else self._fp.read() File "E:\Anaconda\envs\pytorch\lib\site-packages\pip_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 90, in read data = self.__fp.read(amt) File "E:\Anaconda\envs\pytorch\lib\http\client.py", line 463, in read n = self.readinto(b) File "E:\Anaconda\envs\pytorch\lib\http\client.py", line 507, in readinto n = self.fp.readinto(b) File "E:\Anaconda\envs\pytorch\lib\socket.py", line 704, in readinto return self._sock.recv_into(b) File "E:\Anaconda\envs\pytorch\lib\ssl.py", line 1242, in recv_into return self.read(nbytes, buffer) File "E:\Anaconda\envs\pytorch\lib\ssl.py", line 1100, in read return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer) socket.timeout: The read operation timed out During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:\Anaconda\envs\pytorch\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 160, in exc_logging_wrapper status = run_func(*args) File "E:\Anaconda\envs\pytorch\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\cli\req_command.py", line 247, in wrapper return func(self, options, args) File "E:\Anaconda\envs\pytorch\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\commands\install.py", line 419, in run requirement_set = resolver.resolve( File "E:\Anaconda\envs\pytorch\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\resolution\resolvelib\resolver.py", line 92, in resolve result = self._result = resolver.resolve( File "E:\Anaconda\envs\pytorch\lib\site-packages\pip_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py"这是什么原因
06-11
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