生命游戏

细胞自动机（又称元胞自动机），名字虽然很深奥，但是它的行为却是非常美妙的。所有这些怎样实现的呢？我们可以把计算机中的宇宙想象成是一堆方格子构成的封闭空间，尺寸为N的空间就有N*N个格子。而每一个格子都可以看成是一个生命体，每个生命都有生和死两种状态，如果该格子生就显示蓝色，死则显示白色。每一个格子旁边都有邻居格子存在，如果我们把3*3的9个格子构成的正方形看成一个基本单位的话，那么这个正方形中心的格子的邻居就是它旁边的8个格子。

每个格子的生死遵循下面的原则：

1． 如果一个细胞周围有3个细胞为生（一个细胞周围共有8个细胞），则该细胞为生（即该细胞若原先为死，则转为生，若原先为生，则保持不变） 。

2． 如果一个细胞周围有2个细胞为生，则该细胞的生死状态保持不变；

3． 在其它情况下，该细胞为死（即该细胞若原先为生，则转为死，若原先为死，则保持不变）

 

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
const int MAX_ROW = 15;
const int MAX_COL = 20;

struct Unit
{
	bool alive;
	int neighbor;
};
class Life
{
public:
	Life();
	void execute();
	void initialize();
private:
	Unit unit[MAX_ROW+2][MAX_COL+2];
	int generation;
	void inputFromStrings();
	void inputFromKeyboard();
	void inputFromFile();
	int choose();
	void show();
	void live();
	void countNeighbor();
	void empty();
	void append(bool append = true);
	void output();
};

Life::Life()
{
	generation = 1;
	empty();
}
void Life::append(bool append)
{
	int i, j;
	if (append)
		cout << "请输入增加活单元的坐标：";
	else
		cout << "请输入减少活单元的坐标：";
	while (!(cin >> i >> j) || i < 1 || j < 1 || i > MAX_ROW || j > MAX_COL)
	{
		cout << "输入有误，请重新输入：";
		cin.clear();
		cin.ignore(100, '\n');
	}
	unit[i][j].alive = append;
}
void Life::empty()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ROW + 2; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < MAX_COL + 2; j++)
		{
			unit[i][j].alive = false;
			unit[i][j].neighbor = 0;
		}
	}
}
void Life::inputFromKeyboard()
{
	int i, j;
	bool valid;
	cout << "请依次输入活单元坐标：（输入-1 -1表示结束）";
	while (1)
	{
		valid = bool(cin >> i >> j);
		if (valid && i == -1 && j == -1)
			break;
		else if (!valid || i < 1 || j < 1 || i > MAX_ROW || j > MAX_ROW)
		{
			cout << "您的输入有误，请重新输入：";
			cin.clear();
			cin.ignore(100, '\n');
		}
		else
		{
			unit[i][j].alive = true;
			cout << "(" << i << "," << j << ")变为活细胞！" << endl;
		}
	}
}
void Life::inputFromStrings()
{
	string line;
	cout << "请输入若干行字符串，空格和x分别代表死单元和活单元(直接按回车结束)：" << endl;
	cin.ignore(100, '\n');
	int i = 1, size;
	do
	{
		cout << "请输入第" << i << "行：" << endl;
		getline(cin, line);
		size = line.size();
		if (size > 0)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < size; j++)
			{
				if ((line[j] != ' ' && line[j] != 'x') || j+1 > MAX_COL)
				{
					cout << "您的输入有误，请重新输入：" << endl;
					i--;
					break;
				}
				else
				{
					unit[i][j].alive = line[j] == 'x';
				}
			}
			i++;
		}
	} while (size > 0 && i <= MAX_ROW);
}
void Life::inputFromFile()
{
	string line;
	char fileName[20];
	int i;
	bool valid;
	ifstream fileIn;
	cout << "请输入文件名：";
	cin.ignore(100, '\n');
	do
	{
		cin.getline(fileName, 20);
		fileIn.open(fileName);
		if (fileIn.fail())
		{
			cout << "文件打开失败！请重新输入文件名：";
			valid = false;
		}
		else
		{
			i = 1;
			empty();
			valid = true;
			while (i <= MAX_ROW && getline(fileIn, line))
			{
				for (int j = 0; j < line.size(); j++)
				{
					if (j+1 > MAX_COL || (line[j] != ' ' && line[j] != 'x'))
					{
						valid = false;
						break;
					}
					else
						unit[i][j+1].alive = line[j] == 'x';
					if (!valid) break;
				}
				if (!valid) break;
				i++;
			}
			if (!valid)
				cout << "文件内容不正确，请重新输入文件名：";
			fileIn.close();
		}
	} while (!valid);
}
void Life::show()
{
	system("cls");
	cout << "第" << generation << "代：" << endl << endl;
	for (int i = 1; i <= MAX_ROW; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 1; j <= MAX_COL; j++)
		{
			if (unit[i][j].alive)
				cout << "x";
			else
				cout << " ";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
}
void Life::initialize()
{
	int choice;
	cout << "请选择读入数据的方式：" << endl;
	cout << "<1> 从键盘输入活单元坐标，以-1,-1结束" << endl;
	cout << "<2> 从键盘读入若干行字符串，空格和x分别代表死单元和活单元" << endl;
	cout << "<3> 从文件读入若干行字符串，空格和x分别代表死单元和活单元" << endl << endl;
	cout << "请选择：";
	while (!(cin >> choice) || choice < 1 || choice > 3)
	{
		cout << "您的输入有误，请重新输入：";
		cin.clear();
		cin.ignore(100, '\n');
	}
	switch (choice)
	{
	case 1:
		inputFromKeyboard();
		break;
	case 2:
		inputFromStrings();
		break;
	case 3:
		inputFromFile();
		break;
	}
	show();
}
void Life::execute()
{
	bool end = false;
	do
	{
		show();
		switch (choose())
		{
		case 1:
			live();
			break;
		case 2:
		    output();
			break;
		case 3:
			append();
			break;
		case 4:
			append(false);
			break;
		case 5:
			end = true;
			break;
		}
	}
	while (!end);
}
int Life::choose()
{
	cout << "请选择一项：" << endl;
	cout << "<1> 查看下一代" << endl;
	cout << "<2> 将当前代保存到文件" << endl;
	cout << "<3> 增加一个活单元" << endl;
	cout << "<4> 减少一个活单元" << endl;
	cout << "<5> 结束" << endl << endl;
	cout << "请选择：";
	int choice;
	while (!(cin >> choice) || choice < 1 || choice > 5)
	{
		cout << "您的输入有误！请重新输入：";
		cin.clear();
		cin.ignore(100, '\n');
	}
	return choice;
}
void Life::live()
{
	countNeighbor();
	bool alive;
	int neighbor;
	generation++;
	for (int i = 1; i <= MAX_ROW; i++)
		for (int j = 1; j <= MAX_COL; j++)
		{
			neighbor = unit[i][j].neighbor;
			alive = unit[i][j].alive;
			if (alive && (neighbor == 0 || neighbor == 1 || neighbor >= 4))
				unit[i][j].alive = false;
			else if (!alive && neighbor == 3)
				unit[i][j].alive = true;
		}
}
void Life::countNeighbor()
{
	int sum;
	for (int i = 1; i <= MAX_ROW; i++)
		for (int j = 1; j <= MAX_COL; j++)
		{
			sum = -unit[i][j].alive;
			for (int ii = i - 1; ii <= i + 1; ii++)
				for (int jj = j - 1; jj <= j + 1; jj++)
					sum += unit[ii][jj].alive;
			unit[i][j].neighbor = sum;
		}
}
void Life::output()
{
    cout << "请输入文件名，文件内原始内容会被清空：";
    char fileName[20];
	ofstream fileOut;
	cin.ignore(100, '\n');
	while (1)
	{
		cin.getline(fileName, 20);
		fileOut.open(fileName, ios_base::trunc);
		if (fileOut.fail())
		{
			cout << "文件打开失败！请重新输入文件名：";
		}
		else
		{
			for (int i = 1; i <= MAX_ROW; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 1; j <= MAX_COL; j++)
                {
                    if (unit[i][j].alive)
                        fileOut << "x";
                    else
                        fileOut << " ";
                }
                fileOut << endl;
            }
			fileOut.close();
			break;
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	Life life;
	life.initialize();
	life.execute();
	return 0;
}