python之面向对象

（以下代码全部调试通过）
#类与对象：函数写在类的里面的时候叫方法，在外面叫函数，写法是一样的
#类是抽象的，对象是具体的

class Students:#定义学生类 有冒号表示类有内容
    #定义属性
    name = ''
    age = 0
    gander = ''
    grand = 0
    #定义学生的方法
    def learn(self):
        print('学习')
    def play(self):
        print('玩耍')
stu1 = Students()
stu1.name = 'aa'
stu1.age = 16

print(stu1.name)
print(stu1.age)
stu1.learn()

#构造函数

class Students:
    #初始化属性
    def __init__(self,name,age,gander,grand):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gander = gander
        self.grand = grand

    #定义学生的方法
    def learn(self):
        print('学习')
    def play(self):
        print('玩耍')

stu1 = Students('aa',12,'male',3)
print(stu1.age)
stu1.learn()

#创建电脑类
class Computers:
    def __init__(self,brand,price,color,size):
        self.brand = brand
        self.price = price
        self.color = color
        self.size = size

    def printf(self):
        print('打印')
    def install(self):
        print('安装软件')
    #def install(self,chip):
        #print(self.brand+'安装软件'+chip)

comp1 = Computers('huawei',4999,'white',14)
print(comp1.brand)
comp1.printf()
comp1.install()

#类变量与实例变量，实例化
class Computers:
    price = 3000
    def __init__(self,brand,color,size):
        self.brand = brand
        #self.price = price
        self.color = color
        self.size = size

    def printf(self):
        print('打印')
    def install(self):
        print('安装软件')
    #def install(self,chip):
        #print(self.brand+'安装软件'+chip)

comp1 = Computers('huawei','white',14)
print(comp1.price)
comp1.printf()
comp1.install()

#私有化属性之类的封装
class Cards:
    def __init__(self,account,password,balance):
        self.account = account
        self.password = password
        self.__balance = balance

    def deposit(self):
        print('进行存款')
    def getBalance(self,account,password):
        if self.account == account and self.password == password:
            return self.__balance
    
user1 = Cards('aaa','000000',8888)
p = user1.getBalance('aaa','000000')
print(p)

#类的继承
#动物类
class Animal:
    def __init__(self,gender,color):
        self.gender = gender
        self.color = color

    def eat(self):
        print('动物要吃饭')
    def play(self):
        print('动物要玩耍')

class Cat(Animal):
    pass
#实例化对象
bosi = Cat('male','white')
bosi.play()

#创建Person类
class Person:
    def __init__(self,name,age,gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender

    def personInfo(self):
        print(self.name,self.age,self.gender)
user1 = Person('aa','16','male')
p = user1.personInfo()

#创建Farmers农民类
class Person:
    def __init__(self,name,age,gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender

    def personInfo(self):
        print('姓名：'+self.name,'年龄：'+self.age,'性别：'+self.gender)
#定义农民类
class Farmers(Person):
    def __init__(self,job,place):
        self.job = job
        self.place = place
    def personInfo(self):
        print('我是农民，我的工作是：'+self.job+'\n我的工作地点是：'+self.place)

#定义科学家类
class Scientists(Person):
    
    def InventionM(self):
        print('袁隆平发明了杂交水稻')
f = Farmers('种地','田野')
f.personInfo()
s = Scientists('袁隆平','90','male')
s.personInfo()
s.InventionM()

#抽象类
#为什么要创建抽象类？强制要求子类做某件事
#创建父类

class Animals:
    def __init__(self,name,color):
        self.name = name
        self.color = color
#定义普通方法
    def eat(self):
        print('寻找食物')

#创建子类-猫类
class cats(Animals):
    def eat(self):
        print('吃鱼')

#创建子类-狗类
class dogs(Animals):
    def eat(self):
        print('吃骨头')

#实例化
d = dogs('大黄','black')
d.eat()

import abc
class Animals(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
    #普通方法
    def __init__(self,name,color):
        self.name = name
        self.color = color
    #抽象方法：
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def eat(self):pass

#创建子类-狗类
class dogs(Animals):
    def eat(self):
        print('吃骨头')

#实例化
d = dogs('大黄','black')
d.eat()