Python字符串格式化实例

字符串是Pyhon中的常用的数据类型，这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍一下python字符串的格式化教程。

在Python 3.6之前，有两种将Python表达式嵌入到字符串文本中进行格式化的主要方法：％-formatting和str.format（）

一、%-formatting

1 2 3

name = "Eric" age = 74 "Hello, %s. You are %s." % (name, age)

注：这种格式不是很好，因为它是冗长的，会导致错误。

二、str.format（）

str.format() 在Python 2.6中引入的。

（1）使用str.format（），替换字段用大括号标记：

1	"Hello, {}. You are {}.".format(name, age)

# 输出结果：'Hello, Eric. You are 74.'

（2）可以通过引用其索引来以任何顺序引用变量：

1	"Hello, {1}. You are {0}-{0}.".format(age, name)

# 输出结果：'Hello, Eric. You are 74-74.'

（3）如果插入变量名称，则会获得额外的能够传递对象的权限，然后在大括号之间引用参数和方法：

1 2	person = {'name': 'Eric', 'age': 74} "Hello, {name}. You are {age}.".format(name=person['name'], age=person['age'])

# 输出结果：'Hello, Eric. You are 74.'

（4）可以使用**来用字典来完成这个巧妙的技巧：

1 2	person = {'name': 'Eric', 'age': 74} "Hello, {name}. You are {age}.".format(**person)

# 输出结果：'Hello, Eric. You are 74.'

注：当处理多个参数和更长的字符串时，str.format()仍然可能非常冗长。

三、f-Strings

f-Strings是在Python 3.6开始加入标准库。也称为“格式化字符串文字”，F字符串是开头有一个f的字符串文字，以及包含表达式的大括号将被其值替换。

（1）f-Strings

1 2 3

name = "Eric" age = 74 f"Hello, {name}. You are {age}."

# 输出结果：'Hello, Eric. You are 74.'

（2）用大写字母F也是有效的：

1 2 3

name = "Eric" age = 74 F"Hello, {name}. You are {age}."

# 输出结果：'Hello, Eric. You are 74.'

（3）可以调用函数

1 2 3

name = "Eric" age = 74 f"{name.lower()} is funny."

# 输出结果：'eric is funny.'

1	f"{2 * 37}"

# 输出结果：'74'

（4）可以使用带有f字符串的类创建对象

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

class Comedian:     def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):         self.first_name = first_name         self.last_name = last_name         self.age = age     def __str__(self):         return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name} is {self.age}."     def __repr__(self):         return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name} is {self.age}. Surprise!" new_comedian = Comedian("Eric", "Idle", "74") f"{new_comedian}"

# 输出结果;'Eric Idle is 74.'

1	f"{new_comedian!r}"

# 输出结果：'Eric Idle is 74. Surprise!'

（5）多行f-string

1 2 3

message = (f"Hi {name}. "         f"You are a {profession}. "         f"You were in {affiliation}.")

# 输出结果：'Hi Eric. You are a comedian. You were in Monty Python.'

1 2 3

message = (f"Hi {name}. "         "You are a {profession}. "         "You were in {affiliation}.")

# 输出结果：'Hi Eric. You are a {profession}. You were in {affiliation}.'

（6）使用"“”

1 2 3 4 5

message = f"""     Hi {name}.     You are a {profession}.     You were in {affiliation}.  """

# 输出结果：'\n    Hi Eric. \n    You are a comedian. \n    You were in Monty Python.\n '

（7）性能

f字符串中的f也可以代表“速度快”。f-字符串是运行时渲染的表达式，而不是常量值。

来源：https://www.weidianyuedu.com