codeforces19D Points 【线段树】

Pete and Bob invented a new interesting game. Bob takes a sheet of paper and locates a Cartesian coordinate system on it as follows: point (0, 0) is located in the bottom-left corner, Ox axis is directed right, Oy axis is directed up. Pete gives Bob requests of three types:

  • add x y — on the sheet of paper Bob marks a point with coordinates (x, y). For each request of this type it's guaranteed that point (x, y) is not yet marked on Bob's sheet at the time of the request.
  • remove x y — on the sheet of paper Bob erases the previously marked point with coordinates (x, y). For each request of this type it's guaranteed that point (x, y) is already marked on Bob's sheet at the time of the request.
  • find x y — on the sheet of paper Bob finds all the marked points, lying strictly above and strictly to the right of point (x, y). Among these points Bob chooses the leftmost one, if it is not unique, he chooses the bottommost one, and gives its coordinates to Pete.

Bob managed to answer the requests, when they were 10, 100 or 1000, but when their amount grew up to 2·105, Bob failed to cope. Now he needs a program that will answer all Pete's requests. Help Bob, please!

Input

The first input line contains number n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2·105) — amount of requests. Then there follow n lines — descriptions of the requests. add x y describes the request to add a point, remove x y — the request to erase a point, find x y — the request to find the bottom-left point. All the coordinates in the input file are non-negative and don't exceed 109.

Output

For each request of type find x y output in a separate line the answer to it — coordinates of the bottommost among the leftmost marked points, lying strictly above and to the right of point (x, y). If there are no points strictly above and to the right of point (x, y), output -1.

Examples

Input

7
add 1 1
add 3 4
find 0 0
remove 1 1
find 0 0
add 1 1
find 0 0

Output

1 1
3 4
1 1

Input

13
add 5 5
add 5 6
add 5 7
add 6 5
add 6 6
add 6 7
add 7 5
add 7 6
add 7 7
find 6 6
remove 7 7
find 6 6
find 4 4

Output

7 7
-1
5 5
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define lson rt << 1, l, mid
#define rson rt << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r
const int MAX = 2e6 + 7;
pair <int, int> p[MAX], X[MAX], ans;
int a[MAX << 2];
void pushup(int rt){
    a[rt] = max(a[rt << 1], a[rt << 1 | 1]);
}
bool cmp(pair <int, int> a, pair <int, int> b){
    if(a.first == b.first) return a.second < b.second;
    return a.first < b.first;
}
void update(int rt, int l, int r, int pos, int v, int op){
    if(l == r){
        a[rt] = op ? v : -1;
        return;
    }
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    if(pos <= mid) update(lson, pos, v, op);
    else update(rson, pos, v, op);
    pushup(rt);
}
void query(int rt, int l, int r, pair <int, int> v){
    if(a[rt] <= v.second || X[r].first <= v.first) return;
    if(l == r) ans = X[l];
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    query(lson, v);
    if(ans.first == -1) query(rson, v);
}
int flag[MAX];
int main(){
    memset(a, -1, sizeof a);
    char s[5];
    int n, tot = 0;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        scanf("%s%d%d", s, &p[i].first, &p[i].second);
        if(s[0] == 'a') X[tot++] = p[i], flag[i] = 1;
        else if(s[0] == 'f') X[tot++] = p[i], flag[i] = 2;
        else flag[i] = 0;
    }
    sort(X, X + tot, cmp);
    tot = unique(X, X + tot) - X;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        int pos = lower_bound(X, X + tot, p[i]) - X;
        if(flag[i] != 2) update(1, 0, tot - 1, pos, p[i].second, flag[i]);
        else{
            ans = make_pair(-1, -1);
            query(1, 0, tot - 1, p[i]);
            if(ans.first == -1) puts("-1");
            else printf("%d %d\n", ans.first, ans.second);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

 

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引用\[1\]中提到了一种树形动态规划的方法来解决CodeForces - 982C问题。在这个问题中,subtree指的是子连通块,而不是子树。为了使cnt_white - cnt_black尽可能大,可以使用两次树形动态规划来求解。第一次是自底向上的过程,维护一个dp数组,表示以每个节点为根的子树中的最大连通块。第二次是自顶向下的过程,处理自底向上过程中无法包含的树链所代表的子树。在第二次遍历中,需要维护一个sum变量,用于存储树链所代表的子树的贡献。根据ans\[u\]的正负,决定是否能对相邻的子节点做出贡献。如果ans\[u\]为正,则减去dp\[v\]就是树链所代表的子树的权值。最终,ans\[u\]代表包含节点u在内的子连通块的最大权值。\[1\] 问题: CodeForces - 982C 树形DP是什么问题?如何解决? 回答: CodeForces - 982C是一个树形动态规划问题。在这个问题中,需要求解子连通块的最大权值和,使得cnt_white - cnt_black尽可能大。解决这个问题的方法是使用两次树形动态规划。第一次是自底向上的过程,维护一个dp数组,表示以每个节点为根的子树中的最大连通块。第二次是自顶向下的过程,处理自底向上过程中无法包含的树链所代表的子树。在第二次遍历中,需要维护一个sum变量,用于存储树链所代表的子树的贡献。根据ans\[u\]的正负,决定是否能对相邻的子节点做出贡献。最终,ans\[u\]代表包含节点u在内的子连通块的最大权值。\[1\] #### 引用[.reference_title] - *1* *2* [CodeForces - 1324F Maximum White Subtree(树形dp)](https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45458915/article/details/104831678)[target="_blank" data-report-click={"spm":"1018.2226.3001.9630","extra":{"utm_source":"vip_chatgpt_common_search_pc_result","utm_medium":"distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-cask-2~all~insert_cask~default-1-null.142^v91^koosearch_v1,239^v3^insert_chatgpt"}} ] [.reference_item] [ .reference_list ]
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