Javaweb10==实现ajax方法一：原生JavaScript调用BOM对象XMLHttpRequest。前后端分离，注册界面用户名输入完成后立刻进行验证用户名是否可用。-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hebian1994/article/details/121064398

前端页面register.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>欢迎注册</title>
    <link href="css/register.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<div class="form-div">
    <div class="reg-content">
        <h1>欢迎注册</h1>
        <span>已有帐号？</span> <a href="login.html">登录</a>
    </div>
    <form id="reg-form" action="#" method="get">

        <table>

            <tr>
                <td>用户名</td>
                <td class="inputs">
                    <input name="username" type="text" id="username">
                    <br>
                    <span id="username_err" class="err_msg" style="display: none">该用户名不可用</span>
                </td>

            </tr>

            <tr>
                <td>密码</td>
                <td class="inputs">
                    <input name="password" type="password" id="password">
                    <br>
                    <span id="password_err" class="err_msg" style="display: none">密码格式有误</span>
                </td>
            </tr>


            <tr>
                <td>验证码</td>
                <td class="inputs">
                    <input name="checkCode" type="text" id="checkCode">
                    <img src="imgs/a.jpg">
                    <a href="#" id="changeImg">看不清？</a>
                </td>
            </tr>

        </table>

        <div class="buttons">
            <input value="注 册" type="submit" id="reg_btn">
        </div>
        <br class="clear">
    </form>

</div>

<script>
    //给用户名输入框绑定失去焦点时间
    document.getElementById("username").onblur = function () {
        //获取用户输入的用户名值
        let username = this.value;
        //1. 创建核心对象
        var xhttp;
        if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
            xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
        } else {
            // code for IE6, IE5
            xhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
        }
        //2. 发送请求
        xhttp.open(
            "GET",
            "http://localhost:8090/ajax/selectUserServlet?username=" + username);
        xhttp.send();
        //3. 回调函数callback获取响应
        xhttp.onreadystatechange = function () {
            if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
                console.log(this.responseText);
                if (this.responseText == "true") {//得到后端返回的判断值
                    document.getElementById("username_err").style.display = '';
                } else if (this.responseText == "false") {
                    document.getElementById("username_err").style.display = 'none';
                }
            }
        };
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>

后端servlet

package com.example.yuanshengajax;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/selectUserServlet")
public class SelectUserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //从请求中获取参数的通用方法
        System.out.println("从请求中获取参数的通用方法一====");
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        //TODO去数据库比对后返回验证结果，此处省略
        boolean flag = true;
        if (username.equals("1")) {
            flag = false;
        }
        //响应
        response.getWriter().write("" + flag);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}