正则表达式对于单个字符的重复,非常方便。比如/d+表示1个或多个数字,*表示重复0次或多次;+重复1次或多次;?重复0次或1次;{n}重复n次;{n,}重复n次或多次;{n,m}重复n次到m次;指定的字符后加特定的限定符,即可实现单字符的重复,那么,对于一组字符串的重复,正则表达式该如何操作?
用小括号来指定子表达式(或称分组),对指定的子表达式进行重复,即一组字符串的重复。
1、简单分组应用
例:Ip正确匹配
function isDigit(str)
{
var reg = /^((2[0-4]/d|25[0-5]|0|1?/d/d?)/.){3}(2[0-4]/d|25[0-5]|0|1?/d/d?);
return reg.test(str);
}
var str = "232.0.123.255";
document.write("result is "+isDigit(str)); result is true
2、向后引用—用于重复搜索前面某个分组匹配的文本
组号分配原则:
(1)分组0对应整个正则表达式
(2)组号分配过程是从左向右扫描两遍:第一遍只给未命名组分配,第二遍只给命名组分配。因此所有命名组的组号都大于未命名组的组号。
(3)可以使用(?:exp)这样的语法剥夺一个分组对组号分配的参与权
例:
function isDigit1()
{
var reg = //b(/w+)/b/s+/1/b/;
var str = "good good";
document.write("result is "+reg.test(str)); result is true
}
整个表达式/b(/w+)/b/s+/1/b组号为0,(/w+)组号为1
3、零宽断言
(1)(?=exp)—零宽度正预测先行断言,匹配exp前面的位置
function isDigit2()
{
var reg = //w+(?=ing/b)/ig;
var str = "I'm singing while you're dancing.";
var arry = str.match(reg);
for(var i=0;i<arry.length;i++)
document.write(arry[i]+" "); sing danc
}
(2)(?<=exp)—零宽度正回顾后发断言,匹配exp后面的位置
function isDigit2()
{
var reg = //w+(?=re/b)/ig;
var str = "reading a book ";
var arry = str.match(reg);
for(var i=0;i<arry.length;i++)
document.write(arry[i]+" "); ading
}
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