C# NetCore XML 反序列化解析错误：＜xml xmlns=‘‘＞ was not expected 及 Encoding=utf-16问题

xml帮助类在最后

刚好有业务需要解析xml文件，于是找到帮助类代码开始尝试解析文件，总是出现异常：<xml xmlns='xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'> was not expected，开始寻找解决方案：

要使结果正确，必须满足两个条件中的任意一个：
1. TResult 类的类名称和 XML 根元素名一致。
2. 若类名和根元素名称不一致，在初始化 XmlSerializer 时传入第二个参数，new XmlRootAttribute("【根元素名称】")，以指定根元素名称

否则 Xmlserializer.Deserialize 抛出如下异常：

System.InvalidOperationException: There is an error in XML document (1, 2). ---> System.InvalidOperationException: <xml xmlns=''> was not expected.
Result StackTrace:
at Microsoft.Xml.Serialization.GeneratedAssembly.XmlSerializationReaderTResult.Read3_RootElementName()

at System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer.Deserialize(XmlReader xmlReader, String encodingStyle, XmlDeserializationEvents events)
at System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer.Deserialize(TextReader textReader)

  

 

其实我的文件根节点与实体是一致的，添加 XmlRoot依然报错，继续找问题原因，各种调试后发现可能是xmlns命名空间不在xml规范内，于是指定命名空间：

果然反序列化成功了 。

 还有一个就是xml写入指定目录，于是开始按规则创建xml文件，实体创建后，使用SerializeObject序列化结果如下图：

正常应该是utf8，怎么出现utf16呢？经测试后发现原来是使用的StringWriter的问题，因此，提醒诸位，如果使用非Stream类的输出，如StringBuilder/StringWriter，作为XmlWriter输出的话，请注意你的xml的Encoding。 

查看StringWriter发现了Encoding

于是重写StringWriter的Encoding：

/// <summary>
/// hef 2023.04.20 08:37 新建StringUTF8Writer类改写Encoding
/// StringWriter默认encoding="utf-16"改写为Encoding.UTF8
/// </summary>
public class StringUTF8Writer : System.IO.StringWriter
{
    public override Encoding Encoding
    {
        get { return Encoding.UTF8; }
    }
}

 至此，序列化xml文件内容成功。

 

全部代码如下：

    /// <summary>
    /// hef 2023.04.19 15:36 新建xml序列化帮助类
    /// </summary>
    public class XmlSerializeHelper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 序列化
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="TValue">要序列化的对象</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        static public string SerializeObject(object TValue)
        {
            if (TValue is null)
            {
                return null;
            }

            try
            {
                XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(TValue.GetType());

                //using (StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter())
                using (StringUTF8Writer stringWriter = new StringUTF8Writer())
                {
                    using (XmlTextWriter xmlTextWriter = new XmlTextWriter(stringWriter)
                    {
                        Formatting = Formatting.Indented,
                        Namespaces = false
                    })

                    {
                        xmlSerializer.Serialize(stringWriter, TValue);
                        return stringWriter.ToString();
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception exception)
            {
                throw exception;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 反序列化
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">要序列化的对象</typeparam>
        /// <param name="value">文件内容</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        static public T DeserializeObject<T>(string value) where T : class, new()
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
            {
                return null;
            }

            try
            {
                XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
                using (TextReader textReader = new StringReader(value))
                {
                    T t = new T();
                    t = (T)xmlSerializer.Deserialize(textReader);
                    return t;
                }
            }
            catch (Exception exception)
            {
                throw exception;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// hef 2023.04.20 08:37 新建StringUTF8Writer类改写Encoding
    /// StringWriter默认encoding="utf-16"改写为Encoding.UTF8
    /// </summary>
    public class StringUTF8Writer : System.IO.StringWriter
    {
        public override Encoding Encoding
        {
            get { return Encoding.UTF8; }
        }
    }