示例图
给定对应于线 AB 的点 A 和 B 以及对应于线 PQ 的点 P 和 Q,找到这些线的交点。这些点在 2D 平面中给出,并带有其 X 和 Y 坐标。示例:
输入:A = (1, 1), B = (4, 4)
C = (1, 8), D = (2, 4)
输出:给定直线 AB 和 CD 的交点
是:(2.4, 2.4)
输入:A = (0, 1), B = (0, 4)
C = (1, 8), D = (1, 4)
输出:给定直线 AB 和 CD 平行。
首先,假设我们有两个点 (x 1 , y 1 ) 和 (x 2 , y 2 )。现在,我们找到由这些点形成的直线方程。假设给定的直线为:
- a1x + b1y = c1
- a2x + b2y = c2
现在我们必须解这两个方程来找到交点。 为了求解,我们将 1 乘以 b 2并将 2 乘以 b 1这样我们得到 a 1 b 2 x + b 1 b 2 y = c 1 b 2 a 2 b 1 x + b 2 b 1 y = c 2 b 1减去这些我们得到 (a 1 b 2 – a 2 b 1 ) x = c 1 b 2 – c 2 b 1这样我们得到了 x 的值。 类似地,我们可以找到 y 的值。 (x, y) 给出了交点。注意:这给出了两条线的交点,但如果我们给出的是线段而不是直线,我们还必须重新检查这样计算出的点是否实际上位于两条线段上。如果线段由点 (x 1 , y 1 ) 和 (x 2 , y 2 ) 指定,那么要检查 (x, y) 是否在线段上,我们只需检查
- 最小值 (x 1 , x 2 ) <= x <= 最大值 (x 1 , x 2 )
- 最小值 (y 1 , y 2 ) <= y <= 最大值 (y 1 , y 2 )
上述实现的伪代码:
determinant = a1 b2 - a2 b1 if (determinant == 0) { // Lines are parallel } else { x = (c1b2 - c2b1)/determinant y = (a1c2 - a2c1)/determinant }
这些可以通过首先直接获得斜率,然后找到直线的截距来推导出来。
# Python program to find the point of
# intersection of two lines
# Class used to used to store the X and Y
# coordinates of a point respectively
class Point:
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
# Method used to display X and Y coordinates
# of a point
def displayPoint(self, p):
print(f"({p.x}, {p.y})")
def lineLineIntersection(A, B, C, D):
# Line AB represented as a1x + b1y = c1
a1 = B.y - A.y
b1 = A.x - B.x
c1 = a1*(A.x) + b1*(A.y)
# Line CD represented as a2x + b2y = c2
a2 = D.y - C.y
b2 = C.x - D.x
c2 = a2*(C.x) + b2*(C.y)
determinant = a1*b2 - a2*b1
if (determinant == 0):
# The lines are parallel. This is simplified
# by returning a pair of FLT_MAX
return Point(10**9, 10**9)
else:
x = (b2*c1 - b1*c2)/determinant
y = (a1*c2 - a2*c1)/determinant
return Point(x, y)
# Driver code
A = Point(1, 1)
B = Point(4, 4)
C = Point(1, 8)
D = Point(2, 4)
intersection = lineLineIntersection(A, B, C, D)
if (intersection.x == 10**9 and intersection.y == 10**9):
print("The given lines AB and CD are parallel.")
else:
# NOTE: Further check can be applied in case
# of line segments. Here, we have considered AB
# and CD as lines
print("The intersection of the given lines AB " + "and CD is: ")
intersection.displayPoint(intersection)
# This code is contributed by Saurabh Jaiswal
输出:
给定直线 AB 和 CD 的交点为:(2.4,2.4)
时间复杂度: O(1)
辅助空间: O(1)