C#操作串口，带异常处理，解决端口占用时打开串口出现异常错误，串口关闭时发送数据报错

using System;

namespace chuankou
{
/// 
/// Class1 的摘要说明。
/// 
class send
{
/// 
/// 应用程序的主入口点。
/// 
[STAThread]
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//
// TODO: 在此处添加代码以启动应用程序
//
chuankou.CommPort ss_port = new chuankou.CommPort();
ss_port.PortNum = "COM1"; //端口号
ss_port.BaudRate = 19200; //串口通信波特率
ss_port.ByteSize = 8; //数据位
ss_port.Parity = 0; //奇偶校验
ss_port.StopBits = 1;//停止位
ss_port.ReadTimeout = 1000; //读超时
try
{
if (ss_port.Opened)
　 {
　　 ss_port.Close();
　　 ss_port.Open(); //打开串口
　 }
else
{
　　ss_port.Open();//打开串口
}
//return true;
}
catch(Exception e) 
{
        Console.WriteLine("错误：" + e.Message);
//return false;
}
try
{
        ss_port.Write(System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes("xxxxxxxxxxxxx"));
}
catch(Exception e) 
{
        Console.WriteLine("错误：" + e.Message);
//return false;
}
Console.WriteLine("输出完毕");
Console.ReadLine();

}
}

}

类文件

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace chuankou
{
/// 
/// io 的摘要说明。
/// 
class CommPort 
{

public string PortNum; 
public int BaudRate;
public byte ByteSize;
public byte Parity; // 0-4=no,odd,even,mark,space 
public byte StopBits; // 0,1,2 = 1, 1.5, 2 
public int ReadTimeout;

//comm port win32 file handle
private int hComm = -1;

public bool Opened = false;

//win32 api constants
private const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
private const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
private const int OPEN_EXISTING = 3; 
private const int INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = -1;

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct DCB 
{
//taken from c struct in platform sdk 
public int DCBlength; // sizeof(DCB) 
public int BaudRate; // 指定当前波特率 current baud rate
// these are the c struct bit fields, bit twiddle flag to set
public int fBinary; // 指定是否允许二进制模式,在windows95中必须主TRUE binary mode, no EOF check 
public int fParity; // 指定是否允许奇偶校验 enable parity checking 
public int fOutxCtsFlow; // 指定CTS是否用于检测发送控制，当为TRUE是CTS为OFF，发送将被挂起。 CTS output flow control 
public int fOutxDsrFlow; // 指定CTS是否用于检测发送控制 DSR output flow control 
public int fDtrControl; // DTR_CONTROL_DISABLE值将DTR置为OFF, DTR_CONTROL_ENABLE值将DTR置为ON, DTR_CONTROL_HANDSHAKE允许DTR"握手" DTR flow control type 
public int fDsrSensitivity; // 当该值为TRUE时DSR为OFF时接收的字节被忽略 DSR sensitivity 
public int fTXContinueOnXoff; // 指定当接收缓冲区已满,并且驱动程序已经发送出XoffChar字符时发送是否停止。TRUE时，在接收缓冲区接收到缓冲区已满的字节XoffLim且驱动程序已经发送出XoffChar字符中止接收字节之后，发送继续进行。　FALSE时，在接收缓冲区接收到代表缓冲区已空的字节XonChar且驱动程序已经发送出恢复发送的XonChar之后，发送继续进行。XOFF continues Tx 
public int fOutX; // TRUE时，接收到XoffChar之后便停止发送接收到XonChar之后将重新开始 XON/XOFF out flow control 
public int fInX; // TRUE时，接收缓冲区接收到代表缓冲区满的XoffLim之后，XoffChar发送出去接收缓冲区接收到代表缓冲区空的XonLim之后，XonChar发送出去 XON/XOFF in flow control 
public int fErrorChar; // 该值为TRUE且fParity为TRUE时，用ErrorChar 成员指定的字符代替奇偶校验错误的接收字符 enable error replacement 
public int fNull; // eTRUE时，接收时去掉空（0值）字节 enable null stripping 
public int fRtsControl; // RTS flow control 
/*RTS_CONTROL_DISABLE时,RTS置为OFF
　 RTS_CONTROL_ENABLE时, RTS置为ON
　　 RTS_CONTROL_HANDSHAKE时,
　　 当接收缓冲区小于半满时RTS为ON
　 　 当接收缓冲区超过四分之三满时RTS为OFF
　　 RTS_CONTROL_TOGGLE时,
　　 当接收缓冲区仍有剩余字节时RTS为ON ,否则缺省为OFF*/

public int fAbortOnError; // TRUE时,有错误发生时中止读和写操作 abort on error 
public int fDummy2; // 未使用 reserved

public uint flags;
public ushort wReserved; // 未使用,必须为0 not currently used 
public ushort XonLim; // 指定在XON字符发送这前接收缓冲区中可允许的最小字节数 transmit XON threshold 
public ushort XoffLim; // 指定在XOFF字符发送这前接收缓冲区中可允许的最小字节数 transmit XOFF threshold 
public byte ByteSize; // 指定端口当前使用的数据位 number of bits/byte, 4-8 
public byte Parity; // 指定端口当前使用的奇偶校验方法,可能为:EVENPARITY,MARKPARITY,NOPARITY,ODDPARITY 0-4=no,odd,even,mark,space 
public byte StopBits; // 指定端口当前使用的停止位数,可能为:ONESTOPBIT,ONE5STOPBITS,TWOSTOPBITS 0,1,2 = 1, 1.5, 2 
public char XonChar; // 指定用于发送和接收字符XON的值 Tx and Rx XON character 
public char XoffChar; // 指定用于发送和接收字符XOFF值 Tx and Rx XOFF character 
public char ErrorChar; // 本字符用来代替接收到的奇偶校验发生错误时的值 error replacement character 
public char EofChar; // 当没有使用二进制模式时,本字符可用来指示数据的结束 end of input character 
public char EvtChar; // 当接收到此字符时,会产生一个事件 received event character 
public ushort wReserved1; // 未使用 reserved; do not use 
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct COMMTIMEOUTS 
{ 
public int ReadIntervalTimeout; 
public int ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier; 
public int ReadTotalTimeoutConstant; 
public int WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier; 
public int WriteTotalTimeoutConstant; 
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 
private struct OVERLAPPED 
{ 
public int Internal; 
public int InternalHigh; 
public int Offset; 
public int OffsetHigh; 
public int hEvent; 
}

[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern int CreateFile(
string lpFileName, // 要打开的串口名称
uint dwDesiredAccess, // 指定串口的访问方式，一般设置为可读可写方式
int dwShareMode, // 指定串口的共享模式，串口不能共享，所以设置为0
int lpSecurityAttributes, // 设置串口的安全属性，WIN9X下不支持，应设为NULL
int dwCreationDisposition, // 对于串口通信，创建方式只能为OPEN_EXISTING
int dwFlagsAndAttributes, // 指定串口属性与标志，设置为FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED(重叠I/O操作)，指定串口以异步方式通信
int hTemplateFile // 对于串口通信必须设置为NULL
);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern bool GetCommState(
int hFile, //通信设备句柄
ref DCB lpDCB // 设备控制块DCB
); 
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern bool BuildCommDCB(
string lpDef, // 设备控制字符串
ref DCB lpDCB // 设备控制块
);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern bool SetCommState(
int hFile, // 通信设备句柄
ref DCB lpDCB // 设备控制块
);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern bool GetCommTimeouts(
int hFile, // 通信设备句柄 handle to comm device
ref COMMTIMEOUTS lpCommTimeouts // 超时时间 time-out values
); 
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")] 
private static extern bool SetCommTimeouts(
int hFile, // 通信设备句柄 handle to comm device
ref COMMTIMEOUTS lpCommTimeouts // 超时时间 time-out values
);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern bool ReadFile(
int hFile, // 通信设备句柄 handle to file
byte[] lpBuffer, // 数据缓冲区 data buffer
int nNumberOfBytesToRead, // 多少字节等待读取 number of bytes to read
ref int lpNumberOfBytesRead, // 读取多少字节 number of bytes read
ref OVERLAPPED lpOverlapped // 溢出缓冲区 overlapped buffer
);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")] 
private static extern bool WriteFile(
int hFile, // 通信设备句柄 handle to file
byte[] lpBuffer, // 数据缓冲区 data buffer
int nNumberOfBytesToWrite, // 多少字节等待写入 number of bytes to write
ref int lpNumberOfBytesWritten, // 已经写入多少字节 number of bytes written
ref OVERLAPPED lpOverlapped // 溢出缓冲区 overlapped buffer
);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern bool CloseHandle(
int hObject // handle to object
);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern uint GetLastError();

public void Open()
{

DCB dcbCommPort = new DCB();
COMMTIMEOUTS ctoCommPort = new COMMTIMEOUTS();

// 打开串口 OPEN THE COMM PORT.
hComm = CreateFile(PortNum ,GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,0, 0,OPEN_EXISTING,0,0);
// 如果串口没有打开，就打开 IF THE PORT CANNOT BE OPENED, BAIL OUT.
if(hComm == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) 
{
throw(new ApplicationException("非法操作，不能打开串口！"));
}

// 设置通信超时时间 SET THE COMM TIMEOUTS.
GetCommTimeouts(hComm,ref ctoCommPort);
ctoCommPort.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant = ReadTimeout;
ctoCommPort.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 0;
ctoCommPort.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 0;
ctoCommPort.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant = 0; 
SetCommTimeouts(hComm,ref ctoCommPort);

// 设置串口 SET BAUD RATE, PARITY, WORD SIZE, AND STOP BITS.
GetCommState(hComm, ref dcbCommPort);
dcbCommPort.BaudRate=BaudRate;
dcbCommPort.flags=0;
//dcb.fBinary=1;
dcbCommPort.flags|=1;
if (Parity>0)
{
//dcb.fParity=1
dcbCommPort.flags|=2;
}
dcbCommPort.Parity=Parity;
dcbCommPort.ByteSize=ByteSize;
dcbCommPort.StopBits=StopBits;
if (!SetCommState(hComm, ref dcbCommPort))
{
//uint ErrorNum=GetLastError();
throw(new ApplicationException("非法操作，不能打开串口！"));
}
//unremark to see if setting took correctly
//DCB dcbCommPort2 = new DCB();
//GetCommState(hComm, ref dcbCommPort2);
Opened = true;
}

public void Close() 
{
if (hComm!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) 
{
CloseHandle(hComm);
}
}

public byte[] Read(int NumBytes) 
{
byte[] BufBytes;
byte[] OutBytes;
BufBytes = new byte[NumBytes];
if (hComm!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) 
{
OVERLAPPED ovlCommPort = new OVERLAPPED();
int BytesRead=0;
ReadFile(hComm,BufBytes,NumBytes,ref BytesRead,ref ovlCommPort);
OutBytes = new byte[BytesRead];
Array.Copy(BufBytes,OutBytes,BytesRead);
} 
else 
{
throw(new ApplicationException("串口未打开！"));
}
return OutBytes;
}

public void Write(byte[] WriteBytes) 
{
if (hComm!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) 
{
OVERLAPPED ovlCommPort = new OVERLAPPED();
int BytesWritten = 0;
WriteFile(hComm,WriteBytes,WriteBytes.Length,ref BytesWritten,ref ovlCommPort);
}
else 
{
throw(new ApplicationException("串口未打开！"));
} 
}
}

class HexCon 
{
// 把十六进制字符串转换成字节型和把字节型转换成十六进制字符串 converter hex string to byte and byte to hex string
public static string ByteToString(byte[] InBytes) 
{
string StringOut="";
foreach (byte InByte in InBytes) 
{
StringOut=StringOut + String.Format("{0:X2} ",InByte);
}
return StringOut; 
}
public static byte[] StringToByte(string InString) 
{
string[] ByteStrings;
ByteStrings = InString.Split(" ".ToCharArray());
byte[] ByteOut;
ByteOut = new byte[ByteStrings.Length-1];
for (int i = 0;i==ByteStrings.Length-1;i++) 
{
ByteOut[i] = Convert.ToByte(("0x" + ByteStrings[i]));
} 
return ByteOut;
}
}
}