网络2-AFNetworking和WebView
1.AFNNetworking 2.0
你相信你一定知道AFNNetworking,不知道你还可以看看该作者的博文,所以我就不多说关于它的强大之处了,AFNetworking 提供了比NSURLSession更高层次的抽象,这篇文章主要总结AFNNetworking 2.0的几个常用方法。
1).GET和POST请求
GET:
- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)GET:(NSString *)URLString
parameters:(id)parameters
success:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject))success
failure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error))failure
POST:
- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)POST:(NSString *)URLString
parameters:(id)parameters
success:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject))success
failure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error))failure
在实际的开发中,我比较习惯把第三方的代码进行一层封装,如下我们把GET和POST请求封装起来:
//GET
+ (void)getWithPath:(NSString *)path params:(NSDictionary *)params success:(HttpSuccessBlock)success failure:(HttpFailureBlock)failure{
[self requestWithPath:path params:params success:success failure:failure method:@"GET"];
}
//POST
+ (void)postWithPath:(NSString *)path params:(NSDictionary *)params success:(HttpSuccessBlock)success failure:(HttpFailureBlock)failure{
[self requestWithPath:path params:params success:success failure:failure method:@"POST"];
}
typedef void (^HttpSuccessBlock)(id JSON);
typedef void (^HttpFailureBlock)(NSError *error);
...省略
+ (void)requestWithPath:(NSString *)path params:(NSDictionary *)params success:(HttpSuccessBlock)success failure:(HttpFailureBlock)failure method:(NSString *)method{
AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [[AFHTTPSessionManager alloc] initWithBaseURL:[NSURL URLWithString:kBaseURL]];
manager.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];
manager.responseSerializer.acceptableContentTypes = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"text/plain",@"application/json", @"text/json", @"text/javascript", @"text/html", nil];
if ([method isEqual: @"GET"]) {
[manager GET:path parameters:params success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject) {
success(responseObject);
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error) {
NSLog(@"fail Get!!%@",error);
failure(error);
}];
}else if ([method isEqual:@"POST"]){
[manager POST:path parameters:params success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject) {
NSLog(@"POST成功:%@",responseObject);
success(responseObject);
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error) {
NSLog(@"fail POST!!%@",error);
failure(error);
}];
}
}
你有没有注意到上面我设置了如下代码:
manager.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];
manager.responseSerializer.acceptableContentTypes = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"text/plain",@"application/json", @"text/json", @"text/javascript", @"text/html", nil];
因为AFNetworking的responseSerializer 属性只能默认只能处理特定的Content-Type,如果你想处理"text/html"等其它类型,你需要明确指定它的acceptableContentTypes。
2).多文件上传
如下,这是我写的第三方微博客户端中多图上传的实例代码:
[manager POST:@"2/statuses/upload.json"
parameters:@{@"access_token": accseeToken,
@"status" : encodeStatus,
@"visible" : @(_intVisible),
@"lat" : @(_latitude),
@"long" : @(_longtitude)}
constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
NSMutableArray *images = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:weakSelf.images];
for (id asset in images) {
NSData *data = nil;
if ([asset isKindOfClass:[UIImage class]]) { data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(asset, 0.4); } if ([asset isKindOfClass:ALAsset.class]) { UIImage *original = [UIImage imageWithCGImage: [[asset defaultRepresentation] fullScreenImage]]; data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(original, 0.4); } [formData appendPartWithFileData:data name:@"pic" fileName:@"pic.jpg" mimeType:@"multipart/form-data"]; } } success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject) { NSLog(@"发送成功"); [self back]; } failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error) { [self showFailHUD]; }];
3).多线程操作
如果你需要开启多个线程, 你需要使用AFHTTPRequestSerializer
,AFHTTPRequestOperation和NSOperationQueue
以下是AFNetworking的实例代码
NSMutableArray *mutableOperations = [NSMutableArray array];
for (NSURL *fileURL in filesToUpload) {
NSURLRequest *request = [[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] multipartFormRequestWithMethod:@"POST" URLString:@"http://example.com/upload" parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
[formData appendPartWithFileURL:fileURL name:@"images[]" error:nil];
}];
AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation = [[AFHTTPRequestOperation alloc] initWithRequest:request];
[mutableOperations addObject:operation];
}
NSArray *operations = [AFURLConnectionOperation batchOfRequestOperations:@[...] progressBlock:^(NSUInteger numberOfFinishedOperations, NSUInteger totalNumberOfOperations) {
NSLog(@"%lu of %lu complete", numberOfFinishedOperations, totalNumberOfOperations);
} completionBlock:^(NSArray *operations) {
NSLog(@"All operations in batch complete");
}];
[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperations:operations waitUntilFinished:NO];
3).网络状态检查
网络状态检查在早期都是通过苹果官方的Reachability类进行检查,但是这个类本身存在一些问题,并且官方后来没有再更新。我们可以直接使用AFNetworking框架检测。不管使用官方提供的类还是第三方框架,用法都是类似的,通常是发送一个URL然后去检测网络状态变化,网络改变后则调用相应的网络状态改变方法。如下:
-(void)alert:(NSString *)message{
UIAlertView *alertView=[[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"System Info" message:message delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"Cancel" otherButtonTitles: nil];
[alertView show];
}
-(void)checkNetworkStatus{
//创建一个用于测试的url
NSURL *url=[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.apple.com"];
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *operationManager=[[AFHTTPRequestOperationManager alloc]initWithBaseURL:url];
//根据不同的网络状态改变去做相应处理
[operationManager.reachabilityManager setReachabilityStatusChangeBlock:^(AFNetworkReachabilityStatus status) {
switch (status) {
case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWWAN:
[self alert:@"2G/3G/4G Connection."];
break;
case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWiFi:
[self alert:@"WiFi Connection."];
break;
case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable:
[self alert:@"Network not found."];
break;
default:
[self alert:@"Unknown."];
break;
}
}];
//开始监控
[operationManager.reachabilityManager startMonitoring];
}
2.UIWebView
UIWebView不仅能加载网络资源还可以加载本地资源,目前支持的常用的文档格式如:html、pdf、docx、txt等。
UIWebView整个使用相当简单:创建URL->创建请求->加载请求,无论是加载本地文件还是Web内容都是这三个步骤。UIWebView内容加载事件同样是通过代理通知外界,常用的代理方法如开始加载、加载完成、加载出错等,这些方法通常可以帮助开发者更好的控制请求加载过程。
加载资源:
- (void)loadRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request;
常用的属性和方法:
//重新加载(刷新)
- (void)reload;
//停⽌止加载
- (void)stopLoading;
//回退
- (void)goBack;
//前进
- (void)goForward;
//需要进⾏检测的数据类型
@property(nonatomic) UIDataDetectorTypes dataDetectorTypes
//是否能回退
@property(nonatomic,readonly,getter=canGoBack) BOOL canGoBack;
//是否能前进
@property(nonatomic,readonly,getter=canGoForward) BOOL canGoForward;
//是否正在加载中
@property(nonatomic,readonly,getter=isLoading) BOOL loading;
//是否伸缩内容至适应屏幕当前尺寸
@property(nonatomic) BOOL scalesPageToFit;
遵守UIWebViewDelegate协议,监听UIWebView的加载过程:
//开始发送请求(加载数据)时调用:
- (void)webViewDidStartLoad:(UIWebView *)webView;
//请求完毕(加载数据完毕)时调⽤:
- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView;
//请求错误时调用:
- (void)webView:(UIWebView *)webView didFailLoadWithError:(NSError *)error;
//监听UIWebView的加载过程:
- (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType;
下面是一个例子:
在storyBoard中拖入如下控件:
![](http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/6526-8b5ff8bc79779048.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
searchBar的代理方法:
-(void)searchBarSearchButtonClicked:(UISearchBar *)searchBar{
[self request:_searchBar.text];
[searchBar resignFirstResponder];
}
加载searchBar中的请求:
-(void)request:(NSString *)urlStr{
//创建url
NSURL *url;
//如果file://开头的字符串则加载bundle中的文件
if([urlStr hasPrefix:kFILEPROTOCOL]){
//取得文件名
NSRange range= [urlStr rangeOfString:kFILEPROTOCOL];
NSString *fileName=[urlStr substringFromIndex:range.length];
url=[[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:fileName withExtension:nil];
}else if(urlStr.length>0){
//如果是http请求则直接打开网站
if ([urlStr hasPrefix:@"http"]) {
url=[NSURL URLWithString:urlStr];
}else{//如果不符合任何协议则进行搜索
urlStr=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"http://m.bing.com/search?q=%@",urlStr];
}
urlStr=[urlStr stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];//url编码
url=[NSURL URLWithString:urlStr];
}
//创建请求
NSURLRequest *request=[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
//加载请求页面
[_webView loadRequest:request];
}
WebView的代理方法:
-(void)webViewDidStartLoad:(UIWebView *)webView{
//显示网络请求加载
[UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible=true;
}
-(void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView{
//隐藏网络请求加载图标
[UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible=false;
//设置按钮状态
[self setBarButtonStatus];
}
-(void)webView:(UIWebView *)webView didFailLoadWithError:(NSError *)error{
NSLog(@"error detail:%@",error.localizedDescription);
UIAlertView *alert=[[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"系统提示" message:@"网络连接发生错误!" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:nil otherButtonTitles:@"确定", nil];
[alert show];
}
设置前进后退按钮:
-(void)setBarButtonStatus{
if (_webView.canGoBack) {
_barButtonBack.enabled=YES;
}else{
_barButtonBack.enabled=NO;
}
if(_webView.canGoForward){
_barButtonForward.enabled=YES;
}else{
_barButtonForward.enabled=NO;
}
}
运行结果如下:
![](http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/6526-83785e775ab1fd91.gif?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
你可以在这里下载到代码。
- (void)getAccessToken:(NSString *)requestToken
{
[HttpTool postWithPath:@"oauth2/access_token" params:@{
@"client_id" : kAppKey,
@"client_secret" : kAppSecret,
@"grant_type" : @"authorization_code",
@"redirect_uri" : kRedirectURI,
@"code" : requestToken
} success:^(id JSON) {
// 保存账号信息
Account *account = [[Account alloc] init];
account.accessToken = JSON[@"access_token"];
account.uid = JSON[@"uid"];
[[AccountTool sharedAccountTool] saveAccount:account];
// 回到主页面
ViewController *main = [[ViewController alloc]init];
if (main) {
[self presentViewController:main animated:YES completion:nil];
}
} failure:^(NSError *error) {
}];
}