STL学习(六)--map/multimap用法详解

两者的内部结构都是用的是平衡二叉树，区别在于multimap允许重复元素而map不允许。
map和multimap**根据元素的key**自动对元素进行排序，要修改元素的key必须先删除拥有该key的元素，然后插入拥有新的key/value的元素

常用函数:
(1)构造函数和析构函数
(2)大小判空函数
(3)增加删除函数(注意insert一般用pair)mymap.insert(it,pair

#include <iostream>  
#include <map>  

using namespace std;


int main()
{
    map<char, int> mymap;

    mymap.insert(pair<char, int>('a', 10));
    mymap.insert(pair<char, int>('z', 200));

    pair<map<char, int>::iterator, bool> ret;
    ret = mymap.insert(pair<char, int>('z', 500));
    if (ret.second == false)
    {
        cout << "element 'z' already existed";
        cout << "with a value of " << ret.first->second << '\n';
    }

    map<char, int>::iterator it = mymap.begin();
    mymap.insert(it, pair<char, int>('b', 300));
    mymap.insert(it, pair<char, int>('c', 400));

    map<char, int> anothermap;
    anothermap.insert(mymap.begin(), mymap.find('c'));

    cout << "mymap contains :\n";
    for (it = mymap.begin(); it != mymap.end(); it++)
    {
        cout << it->first << "=>" << it->second << '\n';
    }

    cout << "anothermap contains :\n";
    for (it = anothermap.begin(); it != anothermap.end(); it++)
    {
        cout << it->first << "=>" << it->second << '\n';
    }
    return 0;
}

关于删除函数的应用

#include <iostream>  
#include <map>  

using namespace std;


int main()
{
    map<char, int> mymap;
    map<char, int>::iterator it;

    mymap['a'] = 10;
    mymap['b'] = 20;
    mymap['c'] = 30;
    mymap['d'] = 40;
    mymap['e'] = 50;
    mymap.insert(pair<char, int>('f', 60));

    cout << "initial mymap contains :\n";
    for (it = mymap.begin(); it != mymap.end(); it++)
    {
        cout << it->first << "=>" << it->second << '\n';
    }

    it = mymap.find('b');
    mymap.erase(it);

    mymap.erase('c');

    it = mymap.find('e');
    mymap.erase(it, mymap.end());
//删除的是it到end()之间的元素
    cout << "now mymap contains :\n";
    for (it = mymap.begin(); it != mymap.end(); it++)
    {
        cout << it->first << "=>" << it->second << '\n';
    }

    return 0;
}

如果想往map/multimap中修改一个映射的值，应先插入一个新映射，再把与修改的映射删除
4.遍历函数
5.操作函数
const_iterator lower_bound(const Key& key);//返回键值小于等于key的迭代器指针
6.特殊函数
reference operator[](const Key& k);仅在单映射map类中，可以以数组的形式给映射添加键值对，并可返回值的引用
实例:

    map<char, int> mymap;

    mymap['a'] = 10;
    mymap['b'] = 20;
    mymap['c'] = 30;
    mymap['d'] = 40;