newFixedThreadPool和newCachedThreadPool是创建线程池的两种方式,其中newFixedThreadPool是创建固定数量为 threads的线程数,其阻塞队列用的是LinkedBlockingQueue,队列大小容量为Integer.MAX_VALUE;newCachedThreadPool是创建一个可缓存的线程池,不会对线程池的大小做任何的限制,其大小是依赖于操作系统能够创建的最大线程大小。
缺点:
newFixedThreadPool:阻塞队列容量大,当队列中推积的数据过多会造成CPU内存过高异常,导致程序异常退出。
newCachedThreadPool:线程池大小没有做限制,当任务来了直接创建线程,易导致资源消耗殆尽。
newCachedThreadPool适合执行时间比较小的任务,因为newCachedThreadPool线程池的大小超过了要处理任务的数量,空闲线程超过60s,那么空闲线程就会被回收,即能够复用空闲线程,减少创建对象和回收对象带来的开销。不同于newFixedThreadPool,newFixedThreadPool是创建固定容量大小的线程池,也就是即使空闲时间超过一定时间,也不会回收空闲线程,始终占用着cpu资源,但是其优点在于能够控制住最大并发数。
package com.glch.threads;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* @author zzl
* @Date 2021/9/15
* @description 创建一个固定数量的线程池
*/
public class FixThreadPool {
private static ExecutorService executorService = null;
public static ExecutorService getInstance() {
if (executorService == null) {
executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
}
return executorService;
}
}
package com.glch.threads;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* @author zzl
* @Date 2021/9/15
* @description 创建一个可以缓存的线程池
*/
public class CacheThreadPool {
private static ExecutorService executorService;
public static ExecutorService getInstance(){
if(executorService==null){
executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
}
return executorService;
}
}
package com.glch.threads;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
/**
* @author zzl
* @Date 2021/9/15
* @description
*/
public class FixThreadPoolTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 测试newFixThreadPool
ExecutorService pool = FixThreadPool.getInstance();
// execute的方式,这种方式无法从线程池中返回结果集,即没有返回值
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
pool.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("666");
try {
Thread.sleep(6000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
pool.execute(new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("666");
try {
Thread.sleep(6000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}));
}
// summit的方式,有返回值,且方便做异常处理,Future.get()可捕获异常
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
Future future = pool.submit(new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("666");
try {
Thread.sleep(6000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}));
}
}
}