HBase 常用Shell命令

HBase 常用Shell命令

0、启动、关闭hbase
./bin/start-hbase.sh
./bin/stop-hbase.sh

查询HBase版本
hbase(main):010:0> version

1、进入hbase shell console

$HBASE_HOME/bin/hbase shell

如果有kerberos认证，需要事先使用相应的keytab进行一下认证（使用kinit命令），认证成功之后再使用hbase shell进入

2、可以使用whoami命令可查看当前用户

hbase(main):001:0> whoami
a6 (auth:SIMPLE)
    groups: staff, com.apple.sharepoint.group.1, everyone, localaccounts, _appserverusr, admin, _appserveradm, _lpadmin, com.apple.sharepoint.group.2, _appstore, _lpoperator, _developer, _analyticsusers, com.apple.access_ftp, com.apple.access_screensharing, com.apple.access_ssh-disabled

3、表管理

    1）查看有哪些表

hbase(main):002:0> list
TABLE
test
test001
test010
10 row(s) in 0.4870 seconds

    2）创建表
# 语法：create <table>, {NAME => <family>, VERSIONS => <VERSIONS>}
# 例如：创建表t1，有两个family name：f1，f2，且版本数均为2
hbase(main)> create 't1',{NAME => 'f1', VERSIONS => 2},{NAME => 'f2', VERSIONS => 2}

hbase(main):003:0> create 't1',{NAME => 'f1', VERSIONS => 2},{NAME => 'f2', VERSIONS => 2}
0 row(s) in 1.3840 seconds

=> Hbase::Table - t1

    3）查看表结构

# 语法：describe <table>
# 例如：查看表t1的结构
hbase(main)> describe 't1'

hbase(main):006:0> desc 't1'
Table t1 is ENABLED
t1
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '2', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'f2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '2', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
2 row(s) in 0.2250 seconds

4）删除表
分两步：首先disable，然后drop
例如：删除表t1
hbase(main)> disable 't1'

hbase(main)> drop 't1'

hbase(main):006:0> desc 't1'
Table t1 is ENABLED
t1
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
……
2 row(s) in 0.2250 seconds

hbase(main):007:0> disable 't1'
0 row(s) in 2.3340 seconds

hbase(main):008:0> desc 't1'
Table t1 is DISABLED
t1
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
……
2 row(s) in 0.0350 seconds

hbase(main):009:0> drop 't1'
0 row(s) in 1.3390 seconds

hbase(main):010:0> desc 't1'

ERROR: Unknown table t1!

Here is some help for this command:
Describe the named table. For example:
  hbase> describe 't1'
  hbase> describe 'ns1:t1'

Alternatively, you can use the abbreviated 'desc' for the same thing.
  hbase> desc 't1'
  hbase> desc 'ns1:t1'

5）清空表

truncate ‘lmj_test’

6）表空间：

create_namespace 'name'
drop_namespace 'name'
列出所有表空间：list_namespace
查看表空间：describe_namespace 'name'

7）向hbase表插入和获取数据

使用put命令，可以插入行到一个表。它的语法如下：
put ’<namespace:table name>’,’row1’,’<colfamily:colname>’,’<value>’
(表空间名非必填)

put 'emp','1','personal data:name','raju'

使用get命令获取一行数据。它的语法如下：
get ’<table name>’,’row1’
get 'emp' , '1'

8）使用get方法读取指定列:
hbase>get 'table name', ‘rowid’, {COLUMN => ‘column family:column name ’}
get 'emp', '2', {COLUMN=>'personal data:name'}

9）删除指定的数据
删除一行中所有单元格。下面给出是 deleteall 命令的语法。
deleteall ‘<table name>’, ‘<row>’

使用 delete 命令，可以在一个表中删除特定单元格。 delete 命令的语法如下：
delete ‘<table name>’, ‘<row>’, ‘<column name >’, ‘<time stamp>’

10）修改表结构

修改表结构必须先disable
# 语法：alter 't1', {NAME => 'f1'}, {NAME => 'f2', METHOD => 'delete'}
# 例如：修改表test1的cf的TTL为180天
hbase(main)> disable 't1'
hbase(main)> alter 't1',{NAME=>'body',TTL=>'15552000'},{NAME=>'meta', TTL=>'15552000'}

hbase(main)> enable 't1'

hbase(main):014:0> alter 't1',{NAME=>'body',TTL=>'15552000'},{NAME=>'meta', TTL=>'15552000'}
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 3.8910 seconds

hbase(main):015:0> desc 't1'
Table t1 is ENABLED
t1
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'body', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => '15552000 SECONDS (180 DAYS)', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLIC
ATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '2', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'f2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '2', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'meta', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => '15552000 SECONDS (180 DAYS)', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLIC
ATION_SCOPE => '0'}
4 row(s) in 0.0540 seconds

11）统计表记录数
语法：count <table>, {INTERVAL => intervalNum, CACHE => cacheNum}

INTERVAL设置多少行显示一次及对应的rowkey，默认1000；CACHE每次去取的缓存区大小，默认是10，调整该参数可提高查询速度

hbase(main):020:0> count 'User'
3 row(s) in 0.0360 seconds

=> 3

4、权限管理     1）分配权限
# 语法 : grant <user> <permissions> <table> <column family> <column qualifier> 参数后面用逗号分隔
# 权限用五个字母表示： "RWXCA".
# READ('R'), WRITE('W'), EXEC('X'), CREATE('C'), ADMIN('A')
# 例如，给用户‘test'分配对表t1有读写的权限，
hbase(main)> grant 'test','RW','t1'
    2）查看权限
# 语法：user_permission <table>
# 例如，查看表t1的权限列表
hbase(main)> user_permission 't1'
    3）收回权限
# 与分配权限类似，语法：revoke <user> <table> <column family> <column qualifier>
# 例如，收回test用户在表t1上的权限
hbase(main)> revoke 'test','t1'
5、表数据的增删改查
    1）添加数据
# 语法：put <table>,<rowkey>,<family:column>,<value>,<timestamp>
# 例如：给表t1的添加一行记录：rowkey是rowkey001，family name：f1，column name：col1，value：value01，timestamp：系统默认
hbase(main)> put 't1','rowkey001','f1:col1','value01'
用法比较单一。
    2）查询数据
        a）查询某行记录
# 语法：get <table>,<rowkey>,[<family:column>,....]
# 例如：查询表t1，rowkey001中的f1下的col1的值
hbase(main)> get 't1','rowkey001', 'f1:col1'
# 或者：
hbase(main)> get 't1','rowkey001', {COLUMN=>'f1:col1'}
# 查询表t1，rowke002中的f1下的所有列值
hbase(main)> get 't1','rowkey001'
        b）扫描表
# 语法：scan <table>, {COLUMNS => [ <family:column>,.... ], LIMIT => num}
# 另外，还可以添加STARTROW、TIMERANGE和FITLER等高级功能
# 例如：扫描表t1的前5条数据
hbase(main)> scan 't1',{LIMIT=>5}
        c）查询表中的数据行数
# 语法：count <table>, {INTERVAL => intervalNum, CACHE => cacheNum}
# INTERVAL设置多少行显示一次及对应的rowkey，默认1000；CACHE每次去取的缓存区大小，默认是10，调整该参数可提高查询速度
# 例如，查询表t1中的行数，每100条显示一次，缓存区为500

hbase(main)> count 't1', {INTERVAL => 100, CACHE => 500}

        d）插入数据

语法：put <table>,<rowkey>,<family:column>,<value>

hbase(main):005:0> put 'User', 'row1', 'info:name', 'xiaoming'
0 row(s) in 0.1200 seconds

hbase(main):006:0> put 'User', 'row2', 'info:age', '18'
0 row(s) in 0.0170 seconds

hbase(main):007:0> put 'User', 'row3', 'info:sex', 'man'
0 row(s) in 0.0030 seconds

        e）范围查询

hbase(main):011:0> scan 'User', {STARTROW => 'row2'}
ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL
 row2                                   column=info:age, timestamp=1502368069926, value=18
 row3                                   column=info:sex, timestamp=1502368093636, value=man
2 row(s) in 0.0170 seconds
hbase(main):012:0> scan 'User', {STARTROW => 'row2', ENDROW => 'row2'}
ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL
 row2                                   column=info:age, timestamp=1502368069926, value=18
1 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds

hbase(main):013:0> scan 'User', {STARTROW => 'row2', ENDROW => 'row3'}
ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL
 row2                                   column=info:age, timestamp=1502368069926, value=18
1 row(s) in 0.0120 seconds

3）删除数据     a)删除行中的某个列值
# 语法：delete <table>, <rowkey>,  <family:column> , <timestamp>,必须指定列名
# 例如：删除表t1，rowkey001中的f1:col1的数据
hbase(main)> delete 't1','rowkey001','f1:col1'
注：将删除改行f1:col1列所有版本的数据
    b)删除行
# 语法：deleteall <table>, <rowkey>,  <family:column> , <timestamp>，可以不指定列名，删除整行数据
# 例如：删除表t1，rowk001的数据
hbase(main)> deleteall 't1','rowkey001'
   c）删除表中的所有数据
# 语法： truncate <table>
# 其具体过程是：disable table -> drop table -> create table
# 例如：删除表t1的所有数据
hbase(main)> truncate 't1'
6、Region管理
    1）移动region
# 语法：move 'encodeRegionName', 'ServerName'
# encodeRegionName指的regioName后面的编码，ServerName指的是master-status的Region Servers列表
# 示例
hbase(main)>move '4343995a58be8e5bbc739af1e91cd72d', 'db-41.xxx.xxx.org,60020,1390274516739'
    2）开启/关闭region
# 语法：balance_switch true|false
hbase(main)> balance_switch
    3）手动split
# 语法：split 'regionName', 'splitKey'
    4）手动触发major compaction
#语法：
#Compact all regions in a table:
#hbase> major_compact 't1'
#Compact an entire region:
#hbase> major_compact 'r1'
#Compact a single column family within a region:
#hbase> major_compact 'r1', 'c1'
#Compact a single column family within a table:
#hbase> major_compact 't1', 'c1'
7、配置管理及节点重启
    1）修改hdfs配置
hdfs配置位置：/etc/hadoop/conf
# 同步hdfs配置
cat /home/hadoop/slaves|xargs -i -t scp /etc/hadoop/conf/hdfs-site.xml hadoop@{}:/etc/hadoop/conf/hdfs-site.xml
#关闭：
cat /home/hadoop/slaves|xargs -i -t ssh hadoop@{} "sudo /home/hadoop/cdh4/hadoop-2.0.0-cdh4.2.1/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh --config /etc/hadoop/conf stop datanode"
#启动：
cat /home/hadoop/slaves|xargs -i -t ssh hadoop@{} "sudo /home/hadoop/cdh4/hadoop-2.0.0-cdh4.2.1/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh --config /etc/hadoop/conf start datanode"
    2）修改hbase配置
hbase配置位置：
    # 同步hbase配置
cat /home/hadoop/hbase/conf/regionservers|xargs -i -t scp /home/hadoop/hbase/conf/hbase-site.xml hadoop@{}:/home/hadoop/hbase/conf/hbase-site.xml
    # graceful重启
cd ~/hbase

bin/graceful_stop.sh --restart --reload --debug inspurXXX.xxx.xxx.org