python str 与json类型转换 ,即字符串类型和字典类型的转换
在写代码时。避免不了数据类型的转换,比如强制转换string类型,比如转json类型
(1)str转json
python字符串转json对象,需要使用json模块的loads函数
# encoding: utf-8
print "str转json"
import json
string_a = '{"accessToken": "521de21161b23988173e6f7f48f9ee96e28", "User-Agent": "Apache-HttpClient/4.5.2 (Java/1.8.0_131)"}'
print "type(string_a): ", type(string_a)
dict_a = json.loads(string_a) # json_str == dict
print "dict_a: ", dict_a
print "type(dict_a): ", type(dict_a)
输出结果:
str转json
type(string_a): <type 'str'>
dict_a: {u'accessToken': u'521de21161b23988173e6f7f48f9ee96e28', u'User-Agent': u'Apache-HttpClient/4.5.2 (Java/1.8.0_131)'}
type(dict_a): <type 'dict'>
(2)json转str
# encoding: utf-8
print "json转str"
import json
json_b = {"accessToken": "521de21161b23988173e6f7f48f9ee96e28", "User-Agent": "Apache-HttpClient/4.5.2 (Java/1.8.0_131)"}
print "type(json_b): ", type(json_b)
str_b = json.dumps(json_b)
print "str_b: ", str_b
print "type(str_b): ", type(str_b)
输出结果:
json转str
type(json_b): <type 'dict'>
str_b: {"accessToken": "521de21161b23988173e6f7f48f9ee96e28", "User-Agent": "Apache-HttpClient/4.5.2 (Java/1.8.0_131)"}
type(str_b): <type 'str'>
(3)可能遇到的问题
当引号嵌套时该如何处理呢?在str转json时,str格式引号问题导致失败报错。
# encoding: utf-8
import json
#str = "{'accessToken': '521de21161b23988173e6f7f48f9ee96e28', 'User-Agent': 'Apache-HttpClient/4.5.2 (Java/1.8.0_131)'}" # A_Cluase
str = '{"accessToken": "521de21161b23988173e6f7f48f9ee96e28", "User-Agent": "Apache-HttpClient/4.5.2 (Java/1.8.0_131)"}' # B_Clause
j = json.loads(str)
print(j)
print(type(j))
以上代码,咋一看没啥问题,但是运行时会出现错误
ValueError: Expecting property name: line 1 column 2 (char 1)
或者
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes: line 1 column 2 (char 1)
为什么呢?
因为字符串中,双引号在外围,单引号在内嵌,导致转换失败 而正确写法如下: ''' 记住字符串的正确写法是要转json的字符串中包含引号是应该: 单引号在外围,双引号在内部''' 解决方案:即将A_clause改成B_clause即可