【Linux编程环境】常用vim命令备忘（vimtutor）

在Linux命令行下执行 vimtutor 练习

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                               Lesson 1 SUMMARY

  1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
         h (left)       j (down)       k (up)       l (right)

     Move the cursor to the end of the next line with   j$

  2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type:  vim FILENAME <ENTER>

  3. To exit Vim type:     <ESC>   :q!   <ENTER>  to trash all changes.
             OR type:      <ESC>   :wq   <ENTER>  to save the changes.

  4. To delete the character at the cursor type:  x

  5. To insert or append text type:
         i   type inserted text   <ESC>         insert before the cursor
         A   type appended text   <ESC>         append after the line

NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
      an unwanted and partially completed command.

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                               Lesson 2 SUMMARY

  1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type:    dw

  2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type:    d$

  3. To delete a whole line type:    dd
     To delete two whole lines type:    2dd

  4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number:   d2w

  5. The format for a change command is:
               operator   [number]   motion
     where:
       operator - is what to do, such as  d  for delete
       [number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion
       motion   - moves over the text to operate on, 
                  such as  w (word), $ (to the end of line), etc.

  6. To move the cursor to the start of the line use a zero:  0
     To move the cursor two words forward:  2w
     To move the cursor to the end of the third word forward:  3e

  7. To undo previous actions, type:           u  (lowercase u)
     To undo all the changes on a line, type:  U  (capital U)
     To undo the undo's, type:                 CTRL-R

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                               Lesson 3 SUMMARY

  1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type   p .  This puts the
     deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
     line below the cursor).

  2. To replace the character under the cursor, type   r   and then the
     character you want to have there.

  3. The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the
     motion takes you.  
     eg: 
        Type  ce  to change from the cursor to the end of the word,  
        Type  c$  to change to the end of a line.

  4. The format for change is:

         c   [number]   motion

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                               Lesson 4 SUMMARY

  1. CTRL-G  displays your location in the file and the file status.
             G  moves to the end of the file.
     number  G  moves to that line number.
            gg  moves to the first line.

  2. Typing  /  followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase.
     Typing  ?  followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase.
     After a search type  n  to find the next occurrence in the same direction
     or  N  to search in the opposite direction.
     CTRL-O takes you back to older positions, CTRL-I to newer positions.

  3. Typing  %  while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match.

  4. To substitute new for the first old in a line type    :s/old/new
     To substitute new for all 'old's on a line type       :s/old/new/g
     To substitute phrases between two line #'s type       :#,#s/old/new/g
     To substitute all occurrences in the file type        :%s/old/new/g
     To ask for confirmation each time add 'c'             :%s/old/new/gc

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                               Lesson 5 SUMMARY

  1.  :!command  executes an external command.

      Some useful examples are:
         (MS-DOS)         (Unix)
          :!dir            :!ls            -  shows a directory listing.
          :!del FILENAME   :!rm FILENAME   -  removes file FILENAME.

  2.  :w FILENAME  writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME.

  3.  v  motion  :w FILENAME  saves the Visually selected lines in file
      FILENAME.

  4.  :r FILENAME  retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the
      cursor position.

  5.  :r !dir  reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the
      cursor position.

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                               Lesson 6 SUMMARY

  1. Type  o  to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
     Type  O  to open a line ABOVE the cursor.

  2. Type  a  to insert text AFTER the cursor.
     Type  A  to insert text after the end of the line.

  3. The  e  command moves the cursor to the end of a word.

  4. The  y  operator yanks (copies) text,  p  puts (pastes) it.
     Start Visual mode with  v  and move the cursor to choose the content which you want to copy.

  5.Move the cursor to xxx which you want to replace. Type a capital  R  and input the content which you want, so that it replaces the xxx. Press <ESC> to leave Replace mode.

  6. Set an option so a search or substitute ignores case:
     Search for 'ignore' by entering:   /ignore  <ENTER>
     Set the 'ic' (Ignore case) option by entering:   :set ic
     Set the 'hlsearch' and 'incsearch' options:  :set hls is
     Prepend "no" to switch an option off:   :set noic

        'ic' 'ignorecase'       ignore upper/lower case when searching
        'is' 'incsearch'        show partial matches for a search phrase
        'hls' 'hlsearch'        highlight all matching phrases
     You can either use the long or the short option name.
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                               Lesson 7 SUMMARY

  1. Type  :help   or press <F1> to open a help window.

  2. Type  :help command   to find help on    command .
     eg:
         :help c_CTRL-D

  3. Type  CTRL-W CTRL-W  to jump to another window

  4. Type  :q   to close the help window

  5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.

     Start editing the "vimrc" file.  This depends on your system:
        :e ~/.vimrc             for Unix
        :e $VIM/_vimrc          for MS-Windows

     Read the example "vimrc" file contents:
        :r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim

     Write the file with:
        :w

     For more information type  :help vimrc-intro

  6. Type the start of a command   :e
     Press  CTRL-D  and Vim will show a list of commands that start with "e".
     Press  <TAB>  and Vim will complete the name (if it is unique).
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