Linux 中的IPC(三)----work和workqueue

workqueue实际上就是方便内核中简单的执行某个函数。其本质上在内核创建kthread，由kthread在运行相应的cpu_workqueue_struct中的work。

workqueue中涉及的主要对象有：

Ø  work_queue

Ø  cpu_workqueue_struct

Ø  work_struct/ delayed_work

三者关系如下图所示：

数据结构

 

(1) work_queue

structworkqueue_struct {

   struct cpu_workqueue_struct *cpu_wq;

   struct list_head list;

   const char *name;

   int singlethread;

   int freezeable;            /* Freeze threads during suspend */

   int rt;

};

work_queue中的成员介绍如下：

cpu_wq：work_queue在每个CPU上的队列；

singlethread：如果singlethread为真，则只在一个cpu上创建kthread来运行这个workqueue

rt：是否为real time，如果是rt，则将kthread的调度策略设置为SCHD_FIFO

 

 

(2) cpu_workqueue_struct

{

   spinlock_t lock;

   struct list_head worklist;

   wait_queue_head_t more_work;

   struct work_struct*current_work;

   struct workqueue_struct *wq;

   struct task_struct *thread;

}

worklist：该workqueue上挂的work

more_work：该cpu_workqueue_struct上等待的kthread。

wq:指向拥有该cpu_workqueue_struct的work_queue

thread:执行该cpu_workqueue_struct的thread

 

(3) work_struct/ delayed_work

structwork_struct

{

   atomic_long_t data;

   struct list_head entry;

   work_func_t func;

}

structdelayed_work {

   struct work_struct work;

   struct timer_list timer;

}

 

如上所示，work_struct与delayed_work的区别就是delayed_work有一个timer，它将会在指定的时间后，将该work挂入cpu_workqueue_struct。

 

API

(1)  DECLARE_WORK

#define DECLARE_WORK(n, f)                            \

   struct work_struct n =__WORK_INITIALIZER(n, f)

 

该宏定义了一个名为n的work，其函数执行体为f

(2) DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK

#defineDECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(n, f)                        \

   struct delayed_work n =__DELAYED_WORK_INITIALIZER(n, f)

 

该宏定义了一个名为n的delay work，其函数执行体为f

 

(3) 创建work queue

#definecreate_workqueue(name) __create_workqueue((name), 0, 0, 0)

#definecreate_rt_workqueue(name) __create_workqueue((name), 0, 0, 1)

#definecreate_freezeable_workqueue(name) __create_workqueue((name), 1, 1, 0)

#definecreate_singlethread_workqueue(name) __create_workqueue((name), 1, 0, 0)

 

上面的宏分别创建了各种形式的workqueue

 

(4) 将work添加到指定的work queue中

 

externint queue_work(struct workqueue_struct *wq, struct work_struct *work);

externint queue_work_on(int cpu, struct workqueue_struct *wq,

                 struct work_struct *work);

externint queue_delayed_work(struct workqueue_struct *wq,

                 struct delayed_work *work,unsigned long delay);

externint queue_delayed_work_on(int cpu, struct workqueue_struct *wq,

                 struct delayed_work *work,unsigned long delay);

(5)  将work添加到指定的中keventd_wq中

将work添加到keventd_wq上进行执行。

externint schedule_work(struct work_struct *work);

externint schedule_work_on(int cpu, struct work_struct *work);

externint schedule_delayed_work(struct delayed_work *work, unsigned long delay);

externint schedule_delayed_work_on(int cpu, struct delayed_work *work,