狂神说JAVA笔记:Servlet、Cookie、Session

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-05 16:13:47 发布

henry_dai

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-05 16:13:47 发布

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分类专栏： JAVA笔记

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/henry_dai/article/details/118368409

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Servlet

1 ServletContext

共享数据

		ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String  username  = "henry";
        servletContext.setAttribute("username",username);

        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String s= (String) servletContext.getAttribute("username");

转发请求

        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = servletContext.getRequestDispatcher("/hello");
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);

获取初始化参数

  <context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>localhost:8080/henry</param-value>
  </context-param>

        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");

获取资源文件

<!-- Maven 在pom.xml的build中配置resources,来防止我们资源导出失败的问题  -->
<build>
    <resources>
        <resource>
     		<!-- 设定主资源目录  -->
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
        </resource>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
    </resources>
</build>

properties文件都被打包到classes路径下,俗称:classpath路径

        InputStream inputStream = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/com/learn/hello/aa.properties");   //运行时当前目录下
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(inputStream);
        String username = properties.getProperty("username");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        resp.getWriter().println(username+":"+password);

2 HttpServletResponse

继承自ServletResponse

    ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;

    PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

设置响应头信息的一些方法

   void sendError(int var1, String var2) throws IOException;

    void sendError(int var1) throws IOException;

    void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;

    void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);

    void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);

    void setHeader(String var1, String var2);

    void addHeader(String var1, String var2);

    void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

    void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

    void setStatus(int var1);

状态码

    int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
    int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
    int SC_OK = 200;
    int SC_CREATED = 201;
    int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
    int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
    int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
    int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
    int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
    int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
    int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
    int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
    int SC_FOUND = 302;
    int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
    int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
    int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
    int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
    int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
    int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
    int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
    int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
    int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
    int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
    int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
    int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
    int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
    int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
    int SC_GONE = 410;
    int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
    int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
    int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
    int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
    int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
    int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
    int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
    int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
    int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
    int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
    int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
    int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
    int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

应用:下载文件

        //String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/三座大山.png");
        //D:\Tomcat 9.0\webapps\servlet02_war\三座大山.png (系统找不到指定的文件。)
		String realPath = "D:\\IDEAworkspace\\JavaWeb\\servlet02\\target\\servlet02\\WEB-INF\\classes\\三座大山.png";
        System.out.println("路径: "+realPath);
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
        FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        int len=0;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; " +
                "filename="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"utf-8"));
        while((len=inputStream.read(bytes))>0)
        {
            outputStream.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        inputStream.close();
        outputStream.close();

图片验证码demo

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //5s自动刷新
        resp.setHeader("refresh","5");
        resp.setContentType("image/png");
        //浏览器不缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        //创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
        //设置图片背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        //给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.blue);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));

标题

        //x,y文字左下角的坐标
        g.drawString(makeString(),0,20);

        //图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"png",resp.getOutputStream());
    }
    String makeString()
    {
        Random random = new Random();
        String i = random.nextInt(9999999)+"";
        for(int j=0;j<7-i.length();j++)
        {
            i+="0";
        }
        return i;
    }

实现重定向

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.sendRedirect("/servlet02_war/verify");//重定向需要从端口号开始的路径
    }

重定向和转发的区别:

相同点:

页面都会实现跳转

不同点:

重定向URL会发生改变,302
请求转发URL不会发生改变,307

3 HttpServletRequest

获取前端传递参数,并实现请求转发

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-KR8FQib9-1625054437963)(C:\Users\henry\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210630165512512.png)]

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobby = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        String s = Arrays.toString(hobby);
        System.out.println("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
        System.out.println(s);
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
        //请求转发
        //这里 / 代表当前web应用   注意请求转发和充电向路径不同,直接从当前web应用出发
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }

Session & Cookie保存会话的两种技术

cookie:

客户端技术(响应,请求)

session:

服务器技术

1 cookie

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-PRKaMxXz-1625058428472)(C:\Users\henry\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210630205834026.png)]

从请求中拿到cookie
服务器响应给客户端cookie

        Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies(); //从请求中获得cookie
		cookie.getName();//获得cookie的key值
        cookie.getValue();//获得cookie的value值
        new Cookie("visitTime",System.currentTimeMillis()+"");//新建一个cookie
		cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);//设置cookie的有效期
		resp.addCookie(cookie);//响应给客户端

cookie:一般会保存在本地的用户目录下appdata

一个网站cookie是否存在上限!聊聊细节问题。

一个Cookie只能保存一个信息;
一个web站点可以给浏览器发送多个cookie，最多存放20个cookie;
Cookie大小有限制4kb;
300个cookie浏览器上限

删除Cookie;

不设置有效期，关闭浏览器，自动失效;
设置有效期时间为0;

编码解码:

URLEncoder.encode("秦疆", "utf-8")
URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getvalue(),"UTF-8")

2 Session(重点)

什么是Session:

服务器会给每一个用户（浏览器）创建一个Seesion对象;
一个Seesion独占一个浏览器，只要浏览器没有关闭，这个Session就存在;
用户登录之后，整个网站它都可以访问!

使用场景：

保存一个登录用户的信息;
购物车信息;
在整个网站中经常会使用的数据，我们将它保存在Session中;

        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        if(session.isNew()) //创建之后必须立刻判断,某些操作使isNew为false   
        {
            writer.write("this is a new session");
        }
        else
        {
            session.setAttribute("name","henrydai");
            writer.write("old session,created at "+session.getCreationTime());
            writer.write(" id is "+session.getId());
            session.invalidate(); //手动失效
        }

        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        String name = (String) session.getAttribute("name");

<session-config>
        <!--在web.xml中设置session有效时间,以分钟为单位-->
        <session-timeout>12</session-timeout>
    </session-config>

Session和Cookie的区别:

·Cookie是把用户的数据写给用户的浏览器，浏览器保存(可以保存多个)
Session把用户的数据写到用户独占Session中，服务器端保存(保存重要的信息，减少服务器资源的浪费).
Session对象由服务创建;

henry_dai

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