IPv6下网络编程socket， TCP和UDP例子，以及兼容IPV4和IPV6的类

一、TCP socket ipv6与ipv4的区别

服务器端源代码如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define MAXBUF 1024
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int sockfd, new_fd;
    socklen_t len;

    /* struct sockaddr_in my_addr, their_addr; */ // IPv4
    struct sockaddr_in6 my_addr, their_addr; // IPv6

    unsigned int myport, lisnum;
    char buf[MAXBUF + 1];

    if (argv[1])
        myport = atoi(argv[1]);
    else
        myport = 7838;

    if (argv[2])
        lisnum = atoi(argv[2]);
    else
        lisnum = 2;

    /* if ((sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) { */ // IPv4
    if ((sockfd = socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) { // IPv6
        perror("socket");
        exit(1);
    } else
        printf("socket created/n");

    bzero(&my_addr, sizeof(my_addr));
    /* my_addr.sin_family = PF_INET; */ // IPv4
    my_addr.sin6_family = PF_INET6;    // IPv6
    /* my_addr.sin_port = htons(myport); */ // IPv4
    my_addr.sin6_port = htons(myport);   // IPv6
    if (argv[3])
        /* my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[3]); */ // IPv4
        inet_pton(AF_INET6, argv[3], &my_addr.sin6_addr);  // IPv6
    else
        /* my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; */ // IPv4
        my_addr.sin6_addr = in6addr_any;            // IPv6

    /* if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) */ // IPv4
    if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6))  // IPv6
        == -1) {
        perror("bind");
        exit(1);
    } else
        printf("binded/n");

    if (listen(sockfd, lisnum) == -1) {
        perror("listen");
        exit(1);
    } else
        printf("begin listen/n");

    while (1) {
        len = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
        if ((new_fd =
             accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &their_addr,
                    &len)) == -1) {
            perror("accept");
            exit(errno);
        } else
            printf("server: got connection from %s, port %d, socket %d/n",
                   /* inet_ntoa(their_addr.sin_addr), */ // IPv4
                   inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &their_addr.sin6_addr, buf, sizeof(buf)), // IPv6
                   /* ntohs(their_addr.sin_port), new_fd); */ // IPv4
                   their_addr.sin6_port, new_fd); // IPv6

        /* 开始处理每个新连接上的数据收发 */
        bzero(buf, MAXBUF + 1);
        strcpy(buf,
               "这是在连接建立成功后向客户端发送的第一个消息/n只能向new_fd这个用accept函数新建立的socket发消息，不能向sockfd这个监听socket发送消息，监听socket不能用来接收或发送消息/n");
        /* 发消息给客户端 */
        len = send(new_fd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
        if (len < 0) {
            printf
                ("消息'%s'发送失败！错误代码是%d，错误信息是'%s'/n",
                 buf, errno, strerror(errno));
        } else
            printf("消息'%s'发送成功，共发送了%d个字节！/n",
                   buf, len);

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