记录一次polarDB出现Waiting for table metadata lock

在业务实践中，常见的 DDL 阻塞 原因是由于无法获取到 MDL 锁，即 Waiting for table metadata lock 。借助 metadata_lock 表，可以快速定位到 DDL 阻塞的原因。

元数据锁（MDL）
MDL加锁过程是系统自动控制，无需显式使用，在访问一张表的时候会自动加上。MDL锁主要作用是维护表元数据的数据一致性，在表上有活动事务的时候，不可以对元数据进行写入操作。主要是为了避免DML与DDL冲突，保证读写的正确性。

在MySQL5.5中引入了MDL，当对一张表进行增删改查的时候，加MDL读锁(共享），当对表结构进行变更操作的时候，加MDL写锁(排他）。

共享读与共享写都属于共享锁，他们两个互相兼容并于排他锁互斥。

查看数据库中元数据锁信息：

select object_type,object_schema,object_name,lock_type,lock_duration from performance_schema.metadata_locks ;

示例问题过程解析：

通过 show processlist 命令查询执行

alter table t1 add column d varchar(10),algorithm = inplace

后的状态。查询结果如下：

/*force_node='pi-bp10k7631d6k3****'*/ SHOW PROCESSLIST;
+-----------+-----------------+-----------------------+--------------------+----------------+---------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Id        | User            | Host                  | db                 | Command        | Time    | State                           | Info                                                        |
+-----------+-----------------+-----------------------+--------------------+----------------+---------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|        98 | event_scheduler | localhost             | NULL               | Daemon         | 1306586 | Waiting on empty queue          | NULL                                                        |
|       109 | replicator      | 11.111.XX.XX:62549    | NULL               | Polar Log Dump |       1 | Reading log from innodb         | NULL                                                        |
|       113 | replicator      | 11.111.XX.XX:62560    | NULL               | Polar Log Ack  |       1 | Receiving from client           | NULL                                                        |
|       133 | replicator      | 10.13.64.70:42712     | NULL               | Polar Log Dump |       1 | Reading log from innodb         | NULL                                                        |
|       138 | replicator      | 10.13.64.70:42723     | NULL               | Polar Log Ack  |       0 | Receiving from client           | NULL                                                        |
|       369 | aurora          | 10.111.211.209:33334  | NULL               | Sleep          |       0 |                                 | NULL                                                        |
|       370 | aurora          | 10.111.211.209:33336  | NULL               | RDS Push LSN   | 1306413 | starting                        | NULL                                                        |
|       372 | aurora          | 10.111.204.224:37010  | NULL               | Sleep          |       0 |                                 | NULL                                                        |
|       373 | aurora          | 10.111.204.224:37019  | NULL               | RDS Push LSN   | 1306413 | starting                        | NULL                                                        |
|   3064011 | root            | 127.0.0.1:59703       | NULL               | Sleep          |     716 |                                 | NULL                                                        |
|   3064013 | root            | 127.0.0.1:59710       | NULL               | Sleep          |      25 |                                 | NULL                                                        |
|   3064015 | root            | 127.0.0.1:59713       | NULL               | Sleep          |      55 |                                 | NULL                                                        |
|   3064018 | root            | 127.0.0.1:59716       | NULL               | Sleep          |       1 |                                 | NULL                                                        |
|   3067041 | zyg_root        | 172.17.XX.XX:48594    | test               | Query          |      22 | Waiting for table metadata lock | alter table t1 add column d varchar(10),algorithm = inplace |
|   3067443 | zyg_root        | 172.17.XX.XX:48602    | test               | Sleep          |      27 |                                 | NULL                                                        |
|   3069716 | aurora          | 100.104.XX.XX:33017   | information_schema | Sleep          |      30 |                                 | NULL                                                        |
|   3069859 | aurora          | 100.104.XX.XX:41872   | information_schema | Sleep          |      30 |                                 | NULL                                                        |
|   3069925 | aurora          | 10.111.204.224:20916  | NULL               | Sleep          |       2 |                                 | NULL                                                        |
|   3069932 | aurora          | 10.111.211.209:51263  | NULL               | Sleep          |       2 |                                 | NULL                                                        |
| 270526156 | zyg_root        | 172.17.28.253:46272   | test               | Query          |       0 | starting                        | /*force_node='pi-bp10k7631d6k3****'*/ show processlist      |
+-----------+-----------------+-----------------------+--------------------+----------------+---------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
20 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到线程3810574持有了 test/t1 表的SHARED_READ锁，导致线程3810086无法获取到EXCLUSIVE锁。借助performance_schema.threads表，进一步获取对应线程的详细信息。查询结果如下：

/*force_node='pi-bp10k7631d6k3****'*/ SELECT * FROM performance_schema.threads WHERE THREAD_ID IN (3810086,3810574)\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
          THREAD_ID: 3810086
               NAME: thread/sql/one_connection
               TYPE: FOREGROUND
     PROCESSLIST_ID: 3067041
   PROCESSLIST_USER: zyg_root
   PROCESSLIST_HOST: 172.17.28.253
     PROCESSLIST_DB: test
PROCESSLIST_COMMAND: Query
   PROCESSLIST_TIME: 41
  PROCESSLIST_STATE: Waiting for table metadata lock
   PROCESSLIST_INFO: alter table t1 add column d varchar(10),algorithm = inplace
   PARENT_THREAD_ID: NULL
               ROLE: NULL
       INSTRUMENTED: YES
            HISTORY: YES
    CONNECTION_TYPE: TCP/IP
       THREAD_OS_ID: 64852
     RESOURCE_GROUP: NULL
*************************** 2. row ***************************
          THREAD_ID: 3810574
               NAME: thread/sql/one_connection
               TYPE: FOREGROUND
     PROCESSLIST_ID: 3067443
   PROCESSLIST_USER: zyg_root
   PROCESSLIST_HOST: 172.17.28.253
     PROCESSLIST_DB: test
PROCESSLIST_COMMAND: Sleep
   PROCESSLIST_TIME: 46
  PROCESSLIST_STATE: NULL
   PROCESSLIST_INFO: NULL
   PARENT_THREAD_ID: NULL
               ROLE: NULL
       INSTRUMENTED: YES
            HISTORY: YES
    CONNECTION_TYPE: TCP/IP
       THREAD_OS_ID: 65845
     RESOURCE_GROUP: NULL
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

• 可以看到线程3810086即为被阻塞的DDL线程，而线程3810574则为一个慢查询。线程3810086持有了锁，导致 alter table t1 add column d varchar(10),algorithm = inplace 语句无法获取到MDL锁，因此处于阻塞状态。至此，您可以结合实际业务需求，等待事务提交或者使用 KILL [processlist_id] 命令中止事务后，重新执行

• alter table t1 add column d varchar(10),algorithm = inplace。