单例模式写法分享
双重判定锁写法
public class Singleton implements Serializable {
private static volatile Singleton singleton = null;
private Singleton(){
if (singleton != null) {
throw new Exception(“该实例已生成,禁止被反射调用生成”)
}
}
public static Singleton getSingleton(){
if(singleton == null){
synchronized (Singleton.class){
if(singleton == null){
singleton = new Singleton();
}
}
}
return singleton;
}
private Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException {
return singleton;
}
}
静态内部类写法:
public class Singleton {
private transient static class Holder {
private static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();
}
private Singleton(){
if (singleton != null) {
throw new Exception(“该实例已生成,禁止被反射调用生成”)
}
}
public static Singleton getSingleton(){
return Holder.singleton;
}
}
上述两写法缺点:都需要额外的工作(Serializable、transient、readResolve())来实现序列化,否则每次反序列化一个序列化的对象实例时都会创建一个新的实例
枚举写法 Joshua Bloch的推荐:
public enum Singleton {
INSTANCE;
private String name;
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public void setName(String name){
this.name = name;
}
}
Effective Java推荐尽可能地使用枚举来实现单例。
Spring,单例注册表:
public abstract class AbstractBeanFactory implements ConfigurableBeanFactory{
/**
* 充当了Bean实例的缓存,实现方式和单例注册表相同
*/
private final Map singletonCache=new HashMap();
public Object getBean(String name)throws BeansException{
return getBean(name,null,null);
}
...
public Object getBean(String name,Class requiredType,Object[] args)throws BeansException{
//对传入的Bean name稍做处理,防止传入的Bean name名有非法字符(或则做转码)
String beanName=transformedBeanName(name);
Object bean=null;
//手工检测单例注册表
Object sharedInstance=null;
//使用了代码锁定同步块,原理和同步方法相似,但是这种写法效率更高
synchronized(this.singletonCache){
sharedInstance=this.singletonCache.get(beanName);
}
if(sharedInstance!=null){
...
//返回合适的缓存Bean实例
bean=getObjectForSharedInstance(name,sharedInstance);
}else{
...
//取得Bean的定义
RootBeanDefinition mergedBeanDefinition=getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName,false);
...
//根据Bean定义判断,此判断依据通常来自于组件配置文件的单例属性开关
//<bean id="date" class="java.util.Date" scope="singleton"/>
//如果是单例,做如下处理
if(mergedBeanDefinition.isSingleton()){
synchronized(this.singletonCache){
//再次检测单例注册表
sharedInstance=this.singletonCache.get(beanName);
if(sharedInstance==null){
...
try {
//真正创建Bean实例
sharedInstance=createBean(beanName,mergedBeanDefinition,args);
//向单例注册表注册Bean实例
addSingleton(beanName,sharedInstance);
}catch (Exception ex) {
...
}finally{
...
}
}
}
bean=getObjectForSharedInstance(name,sharedInstance);
}
//如果是非单例,即prototpye,每次都要新创建一个Bean实例
//<bean id="date" class="java.util.Date" scope="prototype"/>
else{
bean=createBean(beanName,mergedBeanDefinition,args);
}
}
return bean;
}
}