hdu 4358(莫队算法+dfs序列)

题目链接：http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=4358

解题思路：用dfs求出整棵树的dfs序列，这样以u为根节点的子树就转化到相对应的区间上了。由于是区间不修改查询问题，这个时候就可以用莫队算法了。

#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:16777216")   
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<map>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

const int maxn = 100005;
int n,m,k,cnt,head[maxn],w[maxn],val[maxn];
int block,tot,L[maxn],R[maxn];
int res[maxn];
struct Edge
{
	int to,next;
}edge[maxn<<1];
struct Query
{
	int l,r,id;
	bool operator < (const Query rhs) const
	{
		if(l / block == rhs.l / block)
			return r < rhs.r;
		return l / block < rhs.l / block;
	}
}q[maxn<<1];
map<int,int> Map;

void addedge(int u,int v)
{
	edge[cnt].to = v;
	edge[cnt].next = head[u];
	head[u] = cnt++;
}

void dfs(int u,int fa)
{
	L[u] = ++tot;
	val[tot] = w[u];
	for(int i = head[u]; i != -1; i = edge[i].next)
	{
		int v = edge[i].to;
		if(v == fa) continue;
		dfs(v,u);
	}
	R[u] = tot;
}

void solve()
{
	block = sqrt(tot + 0.5);
	sort(q+1,q+1+m);
	int ans = 0,l = 1,r = 0;
	for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
	{
		while(r < q[i].r)
		{
			r++;
			Map[val[r]]++;
			if(Map[val[r]] == k) ans++;
			if(Map[val[r]] == k + 1) ans--;
		}
		while(r > q[i].r)
		{
			if(Map[val[r]] == k) ans--;
			Map[val[r]]--;
			if(Map[val[r]] == k) ans++;
			r--;
		}
		while(l < q[i].l)
		{
			if(Map[val[l]] == k) ans--;
			Map[val[l]]--;
			if(Map[val[l]] == k) ans++;
			l++;
		}
		while(l > q[i].l)
		{
			l--;
			Map[val[l]]++;
			if(Map[val[l]] == k) ans++;
			if(Map[val[l]] == k + 1) ans--;
		}
		res[q[i].id] = ans;
	}
}

int main()
{
	int t,u,v,cas = 1;
	scanf("%d",&t);
	while(t--)
	{
		tot = cnt = 0;
		memset(head,-1,sizeof(head));
		Map.clear();
		scanf("%d%d",&n,&k);
		for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
			scanf("%d",&w[i]);
		for(int i = 1; i < n; i++)
		{
			scanf("%d%d",&u,&v);
			addedge(u,v);
			addedge(v,u);
		}
		dfs(1,-1);
		scanf("%d",&m);
		for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
		{
			scanf("%d",&u);
			q[i].l = L[u];
			q[i].r = R[u];
			q[i].id = i;
		}
		solve();
		printf("Case #%d:\n",cas++);
		for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
			printf("%d\n",res[i]);
	}
	return 0;
}