自动化部署实践capistrano

以前都是手动部署，特别麻烦，而且非常的累。现在尝试自动部署方案。
使用的自动部署方案是：capistrano

安装

 gem install capistrano

在Rails项目执行

capify .

写配置文件
部署使用的配置文件是 config/deploy.rb
如下两篇文件是可以参考的

require 'bundler/capistrano'
# require 'hoptoad_notifier/capistrano'

set :application, "your-project-name"

set :branch, "master"
set :repository,  "git@github.com:ihower/your-project-name.git"
set :scm, "git"
set :user, "rails" # 一個伺服器上的帳戶用來放你的應用程式，不需要有sudo權限，但是需要有權限可以讀取Git repository拿到原始碼
set :port, "22"

set :deploy_to, "/home/rails"
set :deploy_via, :remote_cache
set :use_sudo, false

role :web, "111.222.333.444"
role :app, "111.222.333.444"
role :db,  "111.222.333.444", :primary => true

namespace :deploy do

  task :copy_config_files, :roles => [:app] do
    db_config = "#{shared_path}/database.yml"
    run "cp #{db_config} #{release_path}/config/database.yml"
  end
  
  task :update_symlink do
    run "ln -s {shared_path}/public/system {current_path}/public/system"
  end
  
  task :start do ; end
  task :stop do ; end
  task :restart, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do
    run "#{try_sudo} touch #{File.join(current_path,'tmp','restart.txt')}"
  end
end

# after "deploy:update_code", "deploy:copy_config_files" # 如果將database.yml放在shared下，請打開
# after "deploy:finalize_update", "deploy:update_symlink" # 如果有實作使用者上傳檔案到public/system，請打開

# encoding: utf-8
require 'bundler/capistrano'                #添加之后部署时会调用bundle install， 如果不需要就可以注释掉
set   :keep_releases, 10                    #只保留10个备份
set   :application, "myapp"     #应用名称
set   :repository,  "git@myapp.com:/data/gitrepo/myapp"
set   :deploy_to,   "/data/www"
set   :current_public,   "/data/www/current/public"
set   :shared_path,      "/data/www/shared"
set   :user, "deploy"                       #登录部署机器(myapp.com)的用户名
set   :password, "123456"                   #登录部署机器的密码， 如果不设部署时需要输入密码
set   :use_sudo, false                      #执行的命令中含有sudo， 如果设为false， 用户所有操作都有权限
set   :scm, :git
set   :bundle_flags, '--quiet'
set   :copy_exclude, [".git", "spec"]
set   :group_writable, false
role  :web, "192.168.0.106"                     #Your HTTP server, Apache/etc
role  :app, "192.168.0.106"                     #This may be the same as your `Web` server
role  :db,  "192.168.0.106", :primary => true   #This is where Rails migrations will run
default_run_options[:pty] = true            #pty: 伪登录设备
#after， before 表示在特定操作之后或之前执行其他任务
after "deploy:update", "deploy:migrate"
after "deploy:migrate", "deploy:symbol_resource"
# If you are using Passenger mod_rails uncomment this:
namespace :deploy do
  desc "restart the paozhoumo application"
  task :restart, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do
   run "#{try_sudo} touch #{File.join(current_path,'tmp','restart.txt')}"
   # rails 3.1首次访问时间较长，发布成功后先访问一下，进行初始化
   run "curl -s -o /dev/null 127.0.0.1"
  end
  #用新的拉下来的public里面的内容替换旧的shared目录的，然后删除掉public，用shared链接到public
  desc "copy everyting to overwrite the shared public folder"
  task :symbol_resource do
    #拷贝新拉下来的images/css/jslib,以及目录下的文件
    run "rm -rf #{shared_path}/images/*"
    run "cp -r #{current_public}/images/* #{shared_path}/images/"
    run "rm -rf #{shared_path}/css/*"
    run "cp -r #{current_public}/css/* #{shared_path}/css/"
    run "rm -rf #{shared_path}/jslib/*"
    run "cp -r #{current_public}/jslib/* #{shared_path}/jslib/"
    run "rm -f #{shared_path}/*.*"
    run "cp #{current_public}/*.* #{shared_path}"
    #然后把拉下来的public目录删除掉
    run "rm -rf #{current_public}"
    #把共享的share文件夹中
    run "ln -sf #{shared_path} #{current_public}"
  end
end

cap deploy:setup

cap deploy:cold

以后每次更新，使用

cap deploy

参考文章
https://github.com/capistrano/capistrano/
ruby-china.org/topics/2020
http://ihower.tw/rails3/deployment.html