Foundation框架中的NSDirctionary类,NSMutableDirctionary类,这个和Java中的Map类很想,OC中叫字典,Java中叫Map,还有字典是无序的,这个和NSArray不一样,Java中的Map也是无序的,通过hash值去检索元素的。
一、NSDirctionary类
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
//由键值对key-value构成的数据集合
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
//1.---------------------字典的创建
NSArray *array1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"zhangsan",@"zhangfei", nil];
NSArray *array2 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"lisi",@"liping", nil];
//第一个元素:key:@"zhang" value:array1
//第二个元素:key:@"li" value:array2
NSDictionary *dict = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:array1,@"zhang",array2,@"li", nil];
NSLog(@"%@",dict);
//存放一个元素
NSDictionary *dict2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:array1 forKey:@"zhang"];
//2.---------------------获取所有的key
NSArray *allKeys = [dict allKeys];
//3.---------------------获取所有的value
//可能为二维数组
NSArray *allValues = [dict allValues];
//4.---------------------通过key获取value
NSArray *values = [dict objectForKey:@"zhang"];
//5.---------------------优化的语法
NSDictionary *dict3 = @{@"zhangsan":array1,@"lisi":array2};
NSLog(@"%@",dict3);
NSArray *array4 = dict3[@"zhang"];
}
return 0;
}
1、创建方法
//1.---------------------字典的创建
NSArray *array1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"zhangsan",@"zhangfei", nil];
NSArray *array2 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"lisi",@"liping", nil];
//第一个元素:key:@"zhang" value:array1
//第二个元素:key:@"li" value:array2
NSDictionary *dict = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:array1,@"zhang",array2,@"li", nil];
NSLog(@"%@",dict);
我们可以看到,NSDirctionary类的创建是基于NSArray的,然后其他的和Java中的Map就差不多了,一般是key-value的形式,当然这里也是需要注意结尾是:nil
打印结果是key-value的样式
2、添加元素
//存放一个元素
NSDictionary *dict2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:array1 forKey:@"zhang"];
3、获取所有元素的key
//2.---------------------获取所有的key
NSArray *allKeys = [dict allKeys];
4、获取所有元素的value
//3.---------------------获取所有的value
//可能为二维数组
NSArray *allValues = [dict allValues];
5、通过key获取value
//4.---------------------通过key获取value
NSArray *values = [dict objectForKey:@"zhang"];
6、NSDirctionary的快速创建方式和访问方式
//5.---------------------优化的语法
NSDictionary *dict3 = @{@"zhangsan":array1,@"lisi":array2};
NSLog(@"%@",dict3);
NSArray *array4 = dict3[@"zhang"];
二、NSMutableDirctionary类
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
//可变字典
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
//1.-------------创建一个可变字典,大小为3
NSMutableDictionary *md1 = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:3];
NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"zhangsan",@"lis", nil];
//2.-------------添加元素
[md1 setObject:array1 forKey:@"zhang"];
NSMutableDictionary *md2 = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:3];
[md2 addEntriesFromDictionary:md1];
//3.-------------删除元素
[md1 removeObjectForKey:@"zhang"];//以key删除
[md1 removeAllObjects];//删除所有元素
[md1 removeObjectsForKeys:array1];//以value删除
//4.-------------循环遍历字典
//快速遍历
for (NSString *key in md1) {
NSArray *values = [md1 objectForKey:key];
for(NSString *v in values){
NSLog(@"%@",v);
}
}
//普通遍历
NSArray *allKey = [md1 allKeys];
for(int i=0;i<allKey.count;i++){
NSArray *value = [md1 objectForKey:allKey[i]];
}
//字典是无序的
}
return 0;
}
之前的NSDirctionary类是不可变字典,同样的OC中也有对应的可变字典:NSMutableDirctionary
1、创建可变字典
//1.-------------创建一个可变字典,大小为3
NSMutableDictionary *md1 = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:3];
NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"zhangsan",@"lis", nil];
创建一个可变字典,可以指定其大小,当然当容量满的之后,他回自动扩容
2、添加元素
//2.-------------添加元素
[md1 setObject:array1 forKey:@"zhang"];
NSMutableDictionary *md2 = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:3];
[md2 addEntriesFromDictionary:md1];
3、删除元素
//3.-------------删除元素
[md1 removeObjectForKey:@"zhang"];//以key删除
[md1 removeAllObjects];//删除所有元素
[md1 removeObjectsForKeys:array1];//以value删除
4、遍历字典
//4.-------------循环遍历字典
//快速遍历
for (NSString *key in md1) {
NSArray *values = [md1 objectForKey:key];
for(NSString *v in values){
NSLog(@"%@",v);
}
}
//普通遍历
NSArray *allKey = [md1 allKeys];
for(int i=0;i<allKey.count;i++){
NSArray *value = [md1 objectForKey:allKey[i]];
}
总结
这一篇文章就介绍了OC中的NSDirctionary类和NSMutableDirctionary类,他们的用途在后面非常关键,经常被用到
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