C++输入输出

http://www.prglab.com/cms/pages/c-tutorial/file-inputoutput.php

#include <fstream>

TEXT I/O

ofstream output;
output.open("output.txt");
// some operation
output.close(); // close the file

TEST FILE EXISTENCE

input.fail()

TEST EOF

while(!input.eof()) {
    input >> number;
    if(input.eof()) break;
    // operation
}

// or

while(input >> number){
   // operation
}

FORMATTING OUTPUT

#include <iomanip>
// ...
    output << setw(6) << str << endl;

GETLINE, GET, PUT

getline(input, str, '\n');

ch = input.get();
input.get(ch);

output.put(ch);

FILE OPEN MODES

• ios::in
  为输入(读)而打开文件
• ios::out
  为输出(写)而打开文件
• ios::ate
  初始位置：文件尾
• ios::app
  所有输出附加在文件末尾
• ios::trunc
  如果文件已存在则先删除该文件
• ios::binary
  二进制方式

这些方式是能够进行组合使用的，以“或”运算（“|”）的方式：例如

ofstream out;  
out.open("Hello.txt", ios::in|ios::out|ios::binary);

TESTING STREAM STATE

• eof()
• fail()
• bad()
• good()
• clear()

BINARY I/O

WRITE

fstream binaryio("city.dat", ios::out | ios::binary);

string s = "Atlanta";
binaryio.write(s.c_str(), s.size());

int value = 199;
binaryio.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&value), sizeof(value));
// Simply performing a binary copy of the value without altering the data, not converting int to char

binaryio.close();

READ

fstream binaryio("city.dat", ios::in | ios::binary);
char s[10];
binaryio.read(s, 10);

int value;
binaryio.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&value), sizeof(value));

binary.close();

RANDOM ACCESS FILE

• seekg()
• seekp()

Student StudentNew;
binaryio.seekg(2 * sizeof(Student));// move to third Student
binaryio.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&StudentNew), sizeof(Student));

参考链接：http://www.jellythink.com/archives/205