观察者模式(Observer)在Android中的应用也是比较普遍和重要的,下面,我们总合几个例子从应用的角度来谈一谈:
第一部分:ContentObserver
Class Overview:
Receives call backs for changes to content. Must be implemented by objects which are added to a ContentObservable
ContentObserver-----内容观察者,目的是观察(捕捉)特定Uri引起的数据库的变化,继而做一些相应的处理, 非常明显,ContentObserver对应于观察者模式(Observer)中Observer(观察者),
观察特定Uri的步骤如下:
1、 创建我们特定的ContentObserver派生类,必须重载父类构造方法,必须重载onChange()方法去处理回调后的功能实现
2、 利用context.getContentResolover()获得ContentResolove对象,接着调用registerContentObserver()方法去注册内容观察者
3、 由于ContentObserver的生命周期不同步于Activity和Service等,因此,在不需要时,需要手动的调用unregisterContentObserver()去取消注册。
下面有一个Demo,有两个不同的ContentObserver派生类,如下:
1、用来观察系统是否改变了飞行模式状态,
PS: 大家可以去SDK中查看该类:android.provider.Settings.System。该类封装了对设置模块下所有值的存取,比如:飞行模式状态、蓝牙状态、屏幕亮度值等,并且提供了相应的Uri。
2、观察系统的短信息数据发生了变化。当监听到短信数据发生变化时,查询所有已发送的短信并且显示出来。
短信的Uri共有一下几种:
content://sms/inbox 收件箱
content://sms/sent 已发送
content://sms/draft 草稿
content://sms/outbox 发件箱 (正在发送的信息)
content://sms/failed 发送失败
content://sms/queued 待发送列表 (比如开启飞行模式后,该短信就在待发送列表里)
1、 观察飞行模式状态的ContentObserver派生类,AirplaneContentObserver.java
package com.qin.contentobserver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.ContentObserver;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.provider.*;
import android.provider.Settings.SettingNotFoundException;
import android.util.Log;
//用来观察system表里飞行模式所在行是否发生变化 , “行”内容观察者
public class AirplaneContentObserver extends ContentObserver {
private static String TAG = "AirplaneContentObserver" ;
private static int MSG_AIRPLANE = 1 ;
private Context mContext;
private Handler mHandler ; //此Handler用来更新UI线程
public AirplaneContentObserver(Context context, Handler handler) {
super(handler);
mContext = context;
mHandler = handler ;
}
/**
* 当所监听的Uri发生改变时,就会回调此方法
*
* @param selfChange 此值意义不大 一般情况下该回调值false
*/
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
Log.i(TAG, "-------------the airplane mode has changed-------------");
// 系统是否处于飞行模式下
try {
int isAirplaneOpen = Settings.System.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.System.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON);
Log.i(TAG, " isAirplaneOpen -----> " +isAirplaneOpen) ;
mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_AIRPLANE,isAirplaneOpen).sendToTarget() ;
}
catch (SettingNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2、观察系统里短消息的数据库变化的ContentObserver派生类, SMSContentObserver.java
package com.qin.contentobserver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.ContentObserver;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.util.Log;
//用来观察系统里短消息的数据库变化 ”表“内容观察者,只要信息数据库发生变化,都会触发该ContentObserver 派生类
public class SMSContentObserver extends ContentObserver {
private static String TAG = "SMSContentObserver";
private int MSG_OUTBOXCONTENT = 2 ;
private Context mContext ;
private Handler mHandler ; //更新UI线程
public SMSContentObserver(Context context,Handler handler) {
super(handler);
mContext = context ;
mHandler = handler ;
}
/**
* 当所监听的Uri发生改变时,就会回调此方法
*
* @param selfChange 此值意义不大 一般情况下该回调值false
*/
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange){
Log.i(TAG, "the sms table has changed");
//查询发件箱里的内容
Uri outSMSUri = Uri.parse("content://sms/sent") ;
Cursor c = mContext.getContentResolver().query(outSMSUri, null, null, null,"date desc");
if(c != null){
Log.i(TAG, "the number of send is"+c.getCount()) ;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder() ;
//循环遍历
while(c.moveToNext()){
// sb.append("发件人手机号码: "+c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("address")))
// .append("信息内容: "+c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("body")))
// .append("是否查看: "+c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("read")))
// .append("发送时间: "+c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("date")))
// .append("\n");
sb.append("发件人手机号码: "+c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("address")))
.append("信息内容: "+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("body")))
.append("\n");
}
c.close();
mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_OUTBOXCONTENT, sb.toString()).sendToTarget();
}
}
}
3、主工程逻辑为 MainActivity.java,对短消息的观察Uri,通过测试我发现只能监听此Uri “content://sms” (等同于"content://sms/"),而不能监听其他的Uri,比如"content://sms/outbox"等。
package com.qin.contentobserver;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.provider.*;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private TextView tvAirplane;
private EditText etSmsoutbox;
// Message 类型值
private static final int MSG_AIRPLANE = 1;
private static final int MSG_OUTBOXCONTENT = 2;
private AirplaneContentObserver airplaneCO;
private SMSContentObserver smsContentObserver;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
tvAirplane = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvAirplane);
etSmsoutbox = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.smsoutboxContent);
// 创建两个对象
airplaneCO = new AirplaneContentObserver(this, mHandler);
smsContentObserver = new SMSContentObserver(this, mHandler);
//注册内容观察者
registerContentObservers() ;
}
private void registerContentObservers() {
// 通过调用getUriFor 方法获得 system表里的"飞行模式"所在行的Uri
Uri airplaneUri = Settings.System.getUriFor(Settings.System.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON);
// 注册内容观察者
getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(airplaneUri, false, airplaneCO);
// ”表“内容观察者 ,通过测试我发现只能监听此Uri -----> content://sms
// 监听不到其他的Uri 比如说 content://sms/outbox
Uri smsUri = Uri.parse("content://sms");
getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(smsUri, true,smsContentObserver);
}
private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
System.out.println("---mHanlder----");
switch (msg.what) {
case MSG_AIRPLANE:
int isAirplaneOpen = (Integer) msg.obj;
if (isAirplaneOpen != 0)
tvAirplane.setText("飞行模式已打开");
else if (isAirplaneOpen == 0)
tvAirplane.setText("飞行模式已关闭");
break;
case MSG_OUTBOXCONTENT:
String outbox = (String) msg.obj;
etSmsoutbox.setText(outbox);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
};
}
Uri airplaneUri = Settings.System.getUriFor(Settings.System.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON)-----------飞行模式的URI为被观察者
Uri smsUri = Uri.parse("content://sms")-----------------------------短信的RRI为被观察者
AirplaneContentObserver --------------------------飞行模式URI的一个具体观察者,我们要重写构造方法和onChange(boolean selfChange),当飞行模式的URI变化时,我们
会自动调用onChange(boolean selfChange)方法
SMSContentObserver -------------------------------短信URI的一个具体观察者,我们要重写构造方法和onChange(boolean selfChange),当短信的URI变化时,我们
会自动调用onChange(boolean selfChange)方法
那么如何让观察者和被观察者联系起来了,就就要靠注册了:
getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(airplaneUri, false, airplaneCO);
getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(smsUri, true,smsContentObserver);
第二部分:Intent--BroadcastReceiver
Intent----BroadcastReceiver这个组合,就相当于现实社会中的人和人通过电话发短信联系,只要我们要对方的电话号码(Intent在BroadcastReceiver里注册),我们就可以通过向对话的手机号码发送短信(在需要的地方发送Intent),对方就会立刻接到短信从而进行相应的操作(BroadcastReceiver就会自动调用onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)方法从面进行相应的操作)
下面一个例子是,当我们点击Button时,我们发出一个Intent,然后通过BroadcastReceiver接收到这个Intent,弹出一个Toast信息!
代码清单:
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class TestActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private static final String TAG = "TestActivity";
public static final String INTENT_ACTION = "INTENT_ACTION";
private static Button myButton = null;
private MyBroadcastReceiver mReceiver = null;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
myButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.myButton);
myButton.setOnClickListener(this);
/******注册广播*****/
RegisterRecei();
}
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(view == myButton)
{
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(INTENT_ACTION);
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
}
/**************广播监听器*************/
private class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
final String action = intent.getAction();
if (INTENT_ACTION.equals(action)) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "点击了Button", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
};
private void RegisterRecei() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
mReceiver = new MyBroadcastReceiver();
final IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction(INTENT_ACTION);
registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();
unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
}
}
可以分析:
ConcreteSubject:应该为:
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(INTENT_ACTION);
ConcreteObserver:应该为:类 MyBroadcastReceiver
类MyBroadcastReceiver重写onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)方法,当被观察者内容发送的时候,接收到Intent,然后做相应的处理!
将ConcreteSubject和ConcreteObserver联系起来的方式为注册:
private void RegisterRecei() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
mReceiver = new MyBroadcastReceiver();
final IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction(INTENT_ACTION);
registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
}
unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
参考资料:
1.http://blog.csdn.net/qinjuning/article/details/7047607