Android EventBus源码解析 带你深入理解EventBus

               

转载请标明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/40920453,本文出自:【张鸿洋的博客】

上一篇带大家初步了解了EventBus的使用方式,详见:Android EventBus实战 没听过你就out了,本篇博客将解析EventBus的源码,相信能够让大家深入理解该框架的实现,也能解决很多在使用中的疑问:为什么可以这么做?为什么这么做不好呢?

1、概述

一般使用EventBus的组件类,类似下面这种方式:

public class SampleComponent extends Fragment@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  EventBus.getDefault().register(this); } public void onEventMainThread(param) { }  public void onEventPostThread(param) {   }  public void onEventBackgroundThread(param) {   }  public void onEventAsync(param) {   }  @Override public void onDestroy() {  super.onDestroy();  EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this); } }

大多情况下,都会在onCreate中进行register,在onDestory中进行unregister ;

看完代码大家或许会有一些疑问:

1、代码中还有一些以onEvent开头的方法,这些方法是干嘛的呢?

在回答这个问题之前,我有一个问题,你咋不问register(this)是干嘛的呢?其实register(this)就是去当前类,遍历所有的方法,找到onEvent开头的然后进行存储。现在知道onEvent开头的方法是干嘛的了吧。

2、那onEvent后面的那些MainThread应该是什么标志吧?

嗯,是的,onEvent后面可以写四种,也就是上面出现的四个方法,决定了当前的方法最终在什么线程运行,怎么运行,可以参考上一篇博客或者细细往下看。


既然register了,那么肯定得说怎么调用是吧。

EventBus.getDefault().post(param);

调用很简单,一句话,你也可以叫发布,只要把这个param发布出去,EventBus会在它内部存储的方法中,进行扫描,找到参数匹配的,就使用反射进行调用。

现在有没有觉得,撇开专业术语:其实EventBus就是在内部存储了一堆onEvent开头的方法,然后post的时候,根据post传入的参数,去找到匹配的方法,反射调用之。

那么,我告诉你,它内部使用了Map进行存储,键就是参数的Class类型。知道是这个类型,那么你觉得根据post传入的参数进行查找还是个事么?


下面我们就去看看EventBus的register和post真面目。

2、register

EventBus.getDefault().register(this);

首先:

EventBus.getDefault()其实就是个单例,和我们传统的getInstance一个意思:

 /** Convenience singleton for apps using a process-wide EventBus instance. */    public static EventBus getDefault() {        if (defaultInstance == null) {            synchronized (EventBus.class) {                if (defaultInstance == null) {                    defaultInstance = new EventBus();                }            }        }        return defaultInstance;    }

使用了双重判断的方式,防止并发的问题,还能极大的提高效率。

然后register应该是一个普通的方法,我们去看看:

register公布给我们使用的有4个:

 public void register(Object subscriber) {        register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, false, 0);    } public void register(Object subscriber, int priority) {        register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, false, priority);    }public void registerSticky(Object subscriber) {        register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, true, 0);    }public void registerSticky(Object subscriber, int priority) {        register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, true, priority);    }

本质上就调用了同一个:

private synchronized void register(Object subscriber, String methodName, boolean sticky, int priority) {        List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriber.getClass(),                methodName);        for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {            subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod, sticky, priority);        }    }

四个参数

subscriber 是我们扫描类的对象,也就是我们代码中常见的this;

methodName 这个是写死的:“onEvent”,用于确定扫描什么开头的方法,可见我们的类中都是以这个开头。

sticky 这个参数,解释源码的时候解释,暂时不用管

priority 优先级,优先级越高,在调用的时候会越先调用。

下面开始看代码:

List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriber.getClass(),                methodName);

调用内部类SubscriberMethodFinder的findSubscriberMethods方法,传入了subscriber 的class,以及methodName,返回一个List<SubscriberMethod>。

那么不用说,肯定是去遍历该类内部所有方法,然后根据methodName去匹配,匹配成功的封装成SubscriberMethod,最后返回一个List。下面看代码:

List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass, String eventMethodName) {        String key = subscriberClass.getName() + '.' + eventMethodName;        List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods;        synchronized (methodCache) {            subscriberMethods = methodCache.get(key);        }        if (subscriberMethods != null) {            return subscriberMethods;        }        subscriberMethods = new ArrayList<SubscriberMethod>();        Class<?> clazz = subscriberClass;        HashSet<String> eventTypesFound = new HashSet<String>();        StringBuilder methodKeyBuilder = new StringBuilder();        while (clazz != null) {            String name = clazz.getName();            if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax.") || name.startsWith("android.")) {                // Skip system classes, this just degrades performance                break;            }            // Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again)            Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();            for (Method method : methods) {                String methodName = method.getName();                if (methodName.startsWith(eventMethodName)) {                    int modifiers = method.getModifiers();                    if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {                        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();                        if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {                            String modifierString = methodName.substring(eventMethodName.length());                            ThreadMode threadMode;                            if (modifierString.length() == 0) {                                threadMode = ThreadMode.PostThread;                            } else if (modifierString.equals("MainThread")) {                                threadMode = ThreadMode.MainThread;                            } else if (modifierString.equals("BackgroundThread")) {                                threadMode = ThreadMode.BackgroundThread;                            } else if (modifierString.equals("Async")) {                                threadMode = ThreadMode.Async;                            } else {                                if (skipMethodVerificationForClasses.containsKey(clazz)) {                                    continue;                                } else {                                    throw new EventBusException("Illegal onEvent method, check for typos: " + method);                                }                            }                            Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];                            methodKeyBuilder.setLength(0);                            methodKeyBuilder.append(methodName);                            methodKeyBuilder.append('>').append(eventType.getName());                            String methodKey = methodKeyBuilder.toString();                            if (eventTypesFound.add(methodKey)) {                                // Only add if not already found in a sub class                                subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType));                            }                        }                    } else if (!skipMethodVerificationForClasses.containsKey(clazz)) {                        Log.d(EventBus.TAG, "Skipping method (not public, static or abstract): " + clazz + "."                                + methodName);                    }                }            }            clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();        }        if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {            throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass + " has no public methods called "                    + eventMethodName);        } else {            synchronized (methodCache) {                methodCache.put(key, subscriberMethods);            }            return subscriberMethods;        }    }
呵,代码还真长;不过我们直接看核心部分:

22行:看到没,clazz.getMethods();去得到所有的方法:

23-62行:就开始遍历每一个方法了,去匹配封装了。

25-29行:分别判断了是否以onEvent开头,是否是public且非static和abstract方法,是否是一个参数。如果都复合,才进入封装的部分。

32-45行:也比较简单,根据方法的后缀,来确定threadMode,threadMode是个枚举类型:就四种情况。

最后在54行:将method, threadMode, eventType传入构造了:new SubscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType)。添加到List,最终放回。

注意下63行:clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();可以看到,会扫描所有的父类,不仅仅是当前类。

继续回到register:

for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {            subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod, sticky, priority);        }

for循环扫描到的方法,然后去调用suscribe方法。

 // Must be called in synchronized block    private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod, boolean sticky, int priority) {        subscribed = true;        Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;        CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);        Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod, priority);        if (subscriptions == null) {            subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription>();            subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);        } else {            for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {                if (subscription.equals(newSubscription)) {                    throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "                            + eventType);                }            }        }        // Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again)        // subscriberMethod.method.setAccessible(true);        int size = subscriptions.size();        for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {            if (i == size || newSubscription.priority > subscriptions.get(i).priority) {                subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);                break;            }        }        List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);        if (subscribedEvents == null) {            subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();            typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);        }        subscribedEvents.add(eventType);        if (sticky) {            Object stickyEvent;            synchronized (stickyEvents) {                stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);            }            if (stickyEvent != null) {                // If the subscriber is trying to abort the event, it will fail (event is not tracked in posting state)                // --> Strange corner case, which we don't take care of here.                postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper());            }        }    }
我们的subscriberMethod中保存了method, threadMode, eventType,上面已经说了;

4-17行:根据subscriberMethod.eventType,去subscriptionsByEventType去查找一个CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> ,如果没有则创建。

顺便把我们的传入的参数封装成了一个:Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod, priority);

这里的subscriptionsByEventType是个Map,key:eventType ; value:CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> ; 这个Map其实就是EventBus存储方法的地方,一定要记住!

22-28行:实际上,就是添加newSubscription;并且是按照优先级添加的。可以看到,优先级越高,会插到在当前List的前面。

30-35行:根据subscriber存储它所有的eventType ; 依然是map;key:subscriber ,value:List<eventType> ;知道就行,非核心代码,主要用于isRegister的判断。

37-47行:判断sticky;如果为true,从stickyEvents中根据eventType去查找有没有stickyEvent,如果有则立即发布去执行。stickyEvent其实就是我们post时的参数。

postToSubscription这个方法,我们在post的时候会介绍。


到此,我们register就介绍完了。

你只要记得一件事:扫描了所有的方法,把匹配的方法最终保存在subscriptionsByEventType(Map,key:eventType ; value:CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> )中;

eventType是我们方法参数的Class,Subscription中则保存着subscriber, subscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType), priority;包含了执行改方法所需的一切。


3、post

register完毕,知道了EventBus如何存储我们的方法了,下面看看post它又是如何调用我们的方法的。

再看源码之前,我们猜测下:register时,把方法存在subscriptionsByEventType;那么post肯定会去subscriptionsByEventType去取方法,然后调用。

下面看源码:

 /** Posts the given event to the event bus. */    public void post(Object event) {        PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();        List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;        eventQueue.add(event);        if (postingState.isPosting) {            return;        } else {            postingState.isMainThread = Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper();            postingState.isPosting = true;            if (postingState.canceled) {                throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");            }            try {                while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {                    postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);                }            } finally {                postingState.isPosting = false;                postingState.isMainThread = false;            }        }    }

currentPostingThreadState是一个ThreadLocal类型的,里面存储了PostingThreadState;PostingThreadState包含了一个eventQueue和一些标志位。

 private final ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState> currentPostingThreadState = new ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState>() {        @Override        protected PostingThreadState initialValue() {            return new PostingThreadState();        }    }

把我们传入的event,保存到了当前线程中的一个变量PostingThreadState的eventQueue中。

10行:判断当前是否是UI线程。

16-18行:遍历队列中的所有的event,调用postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState)方法。

这里大家会不会有疑问,每次post都会去调用整个队列么,那么不会造成方法多次调用么?

可以看到第7-8行,有个判断,就是防止该问题的,isPosting=true了,就不会往下走了。


下面看postSingleEvent

private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {        Class<? extends Object> eventClass = event.getClass();        List<Class<?>> eventTypes = findEventTypes(eventClass);        boolean subscriptionFound = false;        int countTypes = eventTypes.size();        for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {            Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);            CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;            synchronized (this) {                subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(clazz);            }            if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {                for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {                    postingState.event = event;                    postingState.subscription = subscription;                    boolean aborted = false;                    try {                        postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);                        aborted = postingState.canceled;                    } finally {                        postingState.event = null;                        postingState.subscription = null;                        postingState.canceled = false;                    }                    if (aborted) {                        break;                    }                }                subscriptionFound = true;            }        }        if (!subscriptionFound) {            Log.d(TAG, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);            if (eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class && eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {                post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));            }        }    }

将我们的event,即post传入的实参;以及postingState传入到postSingleEvent中。

2-3行:根据event的Class,去得到一个List<Class<?>>;其实就是得到event当前对象的Class,以及父类和接口的Class类型;主要用于匹配,比如你传入Dog extends Dog,他会把Animal也装到该List中。

6-31行:遍历所有的Class,到subscriptionsByEventType去查找subscriptions;哈哈,熟不熟悉,还记得我们register里面把方法存哪了不?

是不是就是这个Map;

12-30行:遍历每个subscription,依次去调用postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
这个方法就是去反射执行方法了,大家还记得在register,if(sticky)时,也会去执行这个方法。

下面看它如何反射执行:

private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {        switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {        case PostThread:            invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);            break;        case MainThread:            if (isMainThread) {                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);            } else {                mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);            }            break;        case BackgroundThread:            if (isMainThread) {                backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);            } else {                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);            }            break;        case Async:            asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);            break;        default:            throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);        }    }
前面已经说过subscription包含了所有执行需要的东西,大致有:subscriber, subscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType), priority;

那么这个方法:第一步根据threadMode去判断应该在哪个线程去执行该方法;
case PostThread:

  void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) throws Error {            subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);  }

直接反射调用;也就是说在当前的线程直接调用该方法;

case MainThread:

首先去判断当前如果是UI线程,则直接调用;否则: mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);把当前的方法加入到队列,然后直接通过handler去发送一个消息,在handler的handleMessage中,去执行我们的方法。说白了就是通过Handler去发送消息,然后执行的。

 case BackgroundThread:

如果当前非UI线程,则直接调用;如果是UI线程,则将任务加入到后台的一个队列,最终由Eventbus中的一个线程池去调用

executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();。

 case Async:将任务加入到后台的一个队列,最终由Eventbus中的一个线程池去调用;线程池与BackgroundThread用的是同一个。

这么说BackgroundThread和Async有什么区别呢?

BackgroundThread中的任务,一个接着一个去调用,中间使用了一个布尔型变量handlerActive进行的控制。

Async则会动态控制并发。


到此,我们完整的源码分析就结束了,总结一下:register会把当前类中匹配的方法,存入一个map,而post会根据实参去map查找进行反射调用。分析这么久,一句话就说完了~~

其实不用发布者,订阅者,事件,总线这几个词或许更好理解,以后大家问了EventBus,可以说,就是在一个单例内部维持着一个map对象存储了一堆的方法;post无非就是根据参数去查找方法,进行反射调用。


4、其余方法

介绍了register和post;大家获取还能想到一个词sticky,在register中,如何sticky为true,会去stickyEvents去查找事件,然后立即去post;

那么这个stickyEvents何时进行保存事件呢?

其实evevntbus中,除了post发布事件,还有一个方法也可以:

 public void postSticky(Object event) {        synchronized (stickyEvents) {            stickyEvents.put(event.getClass(), event);        }        // Should be posted after it is putted, in case the subscriber wants to remove immediately        post(event);    }

和post功能类似,但是会把方法存储到stickyEvents中去;

大家再去看看EventBus中所有的public方法,无非都是一些状态判断,获取事件,移除事件的方法;没什么好介绍的,基本见名知意。


好了,到此我们的源码解析就结束了,希望大家不仅能够了解这些优秀框架的内部机理,更能够体会到这些框架的很多细节之处,并发的处理,很多地方,为什么它这么做等等。




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