Android获取文本和文件的MD5密纹和SHA1密纹

        最近在做图片上传的应用，出于对文件上传的完整性和安全性的校验，我们使用了较为简单的MD5校验。今天我们就来简单的说一下在Android平台下如何使用官方提供的API获取文件以及文本的MD5密纹用于校验。本篇主要会介绍两种方式，一种是MD5，一种是SHA-1；至于原因可以参见下面我从API文档截取的图片：

关于MD5和SHA的理论介绍，网上也有很多介绍，这里不再累述，具体可以参见类似SHA 加密是什么（ sha1 和 MD5 的区别 ）的博客。

        从上面的截图我们不难看出，ANdroid.security包下面提供了一个抽象类MessageDigest（信息摘要），其有两个直接子类分别对应MD5和SHA-1获取文件或者文本密纹。两者的区别可以参见我上面给出的那篇博客介绍。它们的使用方式是一样的，下面就先来看一下示例的效果图：

这里面给出了文本以及文件的MD5密纹和SHA-1密纹获取实现。下面就来看看具体的代码实现：

activity_main.xml代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.hfut.myapplication.MainActivity">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:gravity="center_horizontal">

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="MD5密纹：" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/md5_encode_result"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>


    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:gravity="center_horizontal">

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="SHA-1密纹：" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/sha-1_encode_result"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/raw_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="encodeText"
        android:text="获取文本密文" />


    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="文件路径：" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/file_path"
            android:layout_width="400dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

        <Button
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:onClick="chooseFile"
            android:text="选择文件" />

    </LinearLayout>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="encodeFile"
        android:text="获取文件密文" />
</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java代码：

package com.hfut.myapplication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.DigestInputStream;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

/**
 * @author why
 * @date 2019-1-30 12:06:38
 */
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
    TextView MD5EncodeResult;
    TextView SHA1EncodeResult;
    EditText rawContent;
    TextView filePtah;
    Handler handler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            filePtah.setText((String) msg.obj);
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        MD5EncodeResult = findViewById(R.id.md5_encode_result);
        SHA1EncodeResult=findViewById(R.id.sha_1_encode_result);
        rawContent = findViewById(R.id.raw_content);
        filePtah = findViewById(R.id.file_path);

    }

    public static String md5Encode(String content) {
        byte[] hash;
        try {
            hash = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest(content.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Exception", e);
        }

        //TODO transform byte array to hex string
        StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(hash.length * 2);
        for (byte b : hash) {
            if ((b & 0xFF) < 0x10) {
                hex.append("0");
            }
            hex.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xFF));
        }
        return hex.toString();
    }

    public static String sha1Encode(String content) {
        byte[] hash;
        try {
            hash = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1").digest(content.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("NoSuchAlgorithmException", e);
        }
        //TODO transform byte array to hex string
        StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(hash.length * 2);
        for (byte b : hash) {
            if ((b & 0xFF) < 0x10) {
                hex.append("0");
            }
            hex.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xFF));
        }
        return hex.toString();
    }

    public static String md5ForFile(File file) {
        int bufferSize = 1024;
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        DigestInputStream dis = null;

        try {
            MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
            fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            dis = new DigestInputStream(fis, messageDigest);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
            while (dis.read(buffer) > 0) ;
            messageDigest = dis.getMessageDigest();
            byte[] array = messageDigest.digest();

            //TODO transform byte array to hex string
            StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(array.length * 2);
            for (byte b : array) {
                if ((b & 0xFF) < 0x10) {
                    hex.append("0");
                }
                hex.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xFF));
            }
            return hex.toString();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static String sha1ForFile(File file) {
        int bufferSize = 1024;
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        DigestInputStream dis = null;

        try {
            MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
            fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            dis = new DigestInputStream(fis, messageDigest);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];

            while (dis.read(buffer) > 0) ;
            messageDigest = dis.getMessageDigest();
            byte[] array = messageDigest.digest();
            //TODO transform byte array to hex string
            StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(array.length * 2);
            for (byte b : array) {
                if ((b & 0xFF) < 0x10) {
                    hex.append("0");
                }
                hex.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xFF));
            }
            return hex.toString();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return null;
    }

    private static final int FILE_SELECT_CODE = 0;

    private void chooseFileImp() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
        intent.setType("*/*");// any type file is supported
        intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
        try {
            startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent, "Please choose file"), FILE_SELECT_CODE);
        } catch (android.content.ActivityNotFoundException ex) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "No file manager", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        if (resultCode != Activity.RESULT_OK) {
            Log.e(TAG, "onActivityResult() error, resultCode: " + resultCode);
            super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
            return;
        }
        if (requestCode == FILE_SELECT_CODE) {
            Uri uri = data.getData();
            Message message = new Message();
            message.obj = uri.getPath();
            Log.e(TAG, "onActivityResult: "+uri.getPath());
            handler.sendMessage(message);

        }
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    }


    /**
     * To get text's MD5 code
     *
     * @param view
     */
    public void encodeText(View view) {
        String content = rawContent.getText().toString();
        if (!content.isEmpty()) {
            MD5EncodeResult.setText(md5Encode(content));
            SHA1EncodeResult.setText(sha1Encode(content));
        }
        else {
            Toast.makeText(this,"Data can not be empty",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    /**
     * To get file's MD5 code
     *
     * @param view
     */
    public void encodeFile(View view) {
        String filePath = filePtah.getText().toString();
        if (!filePath.isEmpty()) {
            File file = new File(filePath);
            MD5EncodeResult.setText(md5ForFile(file));
            SHA1EncodeResult.setText(sha1ForFile(file));
        }
        else {
            Toast.makeText(this,"Please choose a file",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Choose file
     * @param view
     */
    public void chooseFile(View view) {
        chooseFileImp();
    }

}

因为需要读取文件，所以需要添加读写组权限：

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>

使用的流程很简单，通过MessageDigest的digest方法获取文本或者文件的固定位数（MD5 128位，SHA-1 160位）的hash值（byte数组，MD5   size为16 ，SHA-1 size为20）转换为16进制（MD5 length为32，SHA-1 length为40）输出即可。

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