Android线程（1）——HandlerThread

        我们都知道，android中消息机制主要指的是Handler的工作机制，正常情况下，我们可以在UI线程里面创建一个Handler，默认传入是主线程的对应的Looper，这个时候通常用于更新界面UI。Handler的目的本质是实现线程间的通讯，所以，现在我自己想创建一个接受handler发送消息通知就处理逻辑的线程（类似UI线程）应该怎么做了？通常有以下两种方式：

• 使用普通的线程
• 使用我们今天的HandlerThread

方式1实现如下：

 Thread thread=new Thread("Thread-why"){
           @Override
           public void run() {
                   Looper.prepare();
                   threadHandler=new Handler(Looper.myLooper()){
                       @Override
                       public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                           Log.e(TAG, "threadHandler"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
                       }
                   };
                   Looper.loop();
           }
       };

这样，我们通过threadHandler发送消息，处理的逻辑将会在“Thread-why”的线程中处理。

方式2实现如下：

 subThread.start();//开启线程，启动消息循环
        handlerThreadHandler=new Handler(subThread.getLooper()){
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                Log.e(TAG, "handlerThreadHandler: "+Thread.currentThread().getName() );
            }
        };//构建消息处理Handler

其中subThread是Handlerthread的一个实例，这里面相较于方式1来说简化几步，不需要我们手动的调用Looper.prepare()和Looper.loop()。由此，我们猜测在HandlerThread中实现了这样的封装。

下面就来看看HandlerThread的源码（较简单）

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.os;

import android.annotation.NonNull;
import android.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * Handy class for starting a new thread that has a looper. The looper can then be 
 * used to create handler classes. Note that start() must still be called.
 */
public class HandlerThread extends Thread {
    int mPriority;
    int mTid = -1;
    Looper mLooper;
    private @Nullable Handler mHandler;

    public HandlerThread(String name) {
        super(name);
        mPriority = Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT;
    }
    
    /**
     * Constructs a HandlerThread.
     * @param name
     * @param priority The priority to run the thread at. The value supplied must be from 
     * {@link android.os.Process} and not from java.lang.Thread.
     */
    public HandlerThread(String name, int priority) {
        super(name);
        mPriority = priority;
    }
    
    /**
     * Call back method that can be explicitly overridden if needed to execute some
     * setup before Looper loops.
     */
    protected void onLooperPrepared() {
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        mTid = Process.myTid();
        Looper.prepare();
        synchronized (this) {
            mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
            notifyAll();
        }
        Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);
        onLooperPrepared();
        Looper.loop();
        mTid = -1;
    }
    
    /**
     * This method returns the Looper associated with this thread. If this thread not been started
     * or for any reason isAlive() returns false, this method will return null. If this thread
     * has been started, this method will block until the looper has been initialized.  
     * @return The looper.
     */
    public Looper getLooper() {
        if (!isAlive()) {
            return null;
        }
        
        // If the thread has been started, wait until the looper has been created.
        synchronized (this) {
            while (isAlive() && mLooper == null) {
                try {
                    wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        }
        return mLooper;
    }

    /**
     * @return a shared {@link Handler} associated with this thread
     * @hide
     */
    @NonNull
    public Handler getThreadHandler() {
        if (mHandler == null) {
            mHandler = new Handler(getLooper());
        }
        return mHandler;
    }

    /**
     * Quits the handler thread's looper.
     * <p>
     * Causes the handler thread's looper to terminate without processing any
     * more messages in the message queue.
     * </p><p>
     * Any attempt to post messages to the queue after the looper is asked to quit will fail.
     * For example, the {@link Handler#sendMessage(Message)} method will return false.
     * </p><p class="note">
     * Using this method may be unsafe because some messages may not be delivered
     * before the looper terminates.  Consider using {@link #quitSafely} instead to ensure
     * that all pending work is completed in an orderly manner.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return True if the looper looper has been asked to quit or false if the
     * thread had not yet started running.
     *
     * @see #quitSafely
     */
    public boolean quit() {
        Looper looper = getLooper();
        if (looper != null) {
            looper.quit();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Quits the handler thread's looper safely.
     * <p>
     * Causes the handler thread's looper to terminate as soon as all remaining messages
     * in the message queue that are already due to be delivered have been handled.
     * Pending delayed messages with due times in the future will not be delivered.
     * </p><p>
     * Any attempt to post messages to the queue after the looper is asked to quit will fail.
     * For example, the {@link Handler#sendMessage(Message)} method will return false.
     * </p><p>
     * If the thread has not been started or has finished (that is if
     * {@link #getLooper} returns null), then false is returned.
     * Otherwise the looper is asked to quit and true is returned.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return True if the looper looper has been asked to quit or false if the
     * thread had not yet started running.
     */
    public boolean quitSafely() {
        Looper looper = getLooper();
        if (looper != null) {
            looper.quitSafely();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the identifier of this thread. See Process.myTid().
     */
    public int getThreadId() {
        return mTid;
    }
}

分几步：

• 简介，从名字以及下面的注释我们可以知道其是一种特殊的线程，自带Looper，通过绑定Handler处理消息

/**
 * Handy class for starting a new thread that has a looper. The looper can then be 
 * used to create handler classes. Note that start() must still be called.
 */

• 注释说，必须执行start()，因为start()继承自Thread，所以只需要看看重写的run()方法即可

 @Override
    public void run() {
        mTid = Process.myTid();
        Looper.prepare();
        synchronized (this) {
            mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
            notifyAll();
        }
        Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);
        onLooperPrepared();
        Looper.loop();
        mTid = -1;
    }

可见，在这里，它完成了我们使用普通Thread创建Handler完成的逻辑。并为与此线程绑定的mLooper赋值，这样我们通过下面就可以获取到一个Looper实例（先判断该线程是否在运行状态，如果是则返回null）：

  /**
     * This method returns the Looper associated with this thread. If this thread not been started
     * or for any reason isAlive() returns false, this method will return null. If this thread
     * has been started, this method will block until the looper has been initialized.  
     * @return The looper.
     */
    public Looper getLooper() {
        if (!isAlive()) {
            return null;
        }
        
        // If the thread has been started, wait until the looper has been created.
        synchronized (this) {
            while (isAlive() && mLooper == null) {
                try {
                    wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        }
        return mLooper;
    }

可见，HandlerThread是专门为我们使用非UI线程创建Handler处理消息的线程。如果可以，尽量使用方2（HandlerThread），方便安全。下面是一个简单的测试代码：

package aoto.com.operationandroidthread;

import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;

/**
 * @author why
 * @date 2019-4-13 15:20:34
 */
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final String TAG = "MainActivityWhy";
    private HandlerThread subThread = new HandlerThread("HandlerThread-Why");//构建可循环处理消息的子线程
    private Thread thread;
    private Handler handlerThreadHandler;
    private Handler threadHandler;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        subThread.start();//开启线程，启动消息循环
        handlerThreadHandler = new Handler(subThread.getLooper()) {
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                Log.e(TAG, "handlerThreadHandler: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }
        };//构建消息处理Handler


        thread = new Thread("Thread-why") {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Looper.prepare();
                threadHandler = new Handler(Looper.myLooper()) {
                    @Override
                    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                        Log.e(TAG, "threadHandler" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    }
                };
                Looper.loop();
            }
        };

        thread.start();
    }

    public void testThread(View view) {
        threadHandler.sendMessage(Message.obtain());
    }


    public void sendHandlerThread(View view) {
        handlerThreadHandler.sendMessage(Message.obtain());
    }


    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //释放资源
        thread.stop();
        subThread.quit();
    }
}

 

好了，关于HandlerThread就介绍完了，还是非常简单的，但是比较好用哟。

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