设计模式-建造者模式

建造者模式

建造者模式，又称生成器模式：将一个复杂的构建与其表示相分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。

三个角色：建造者、具体的建造者、监工、使用者（严格来说不算）

• 建造者角色：定义生成实例所需要的所有方法；
• 具体的建造者角色：实现生成实例所需要的所有方法，并且定义获取最终生成实例的方法；
• 监工角色：定义使用建造者角色中的方法来生成实例的方法；
• 使用者：使用建造者模式。

示例

一般来说，去快餐店点单的时候，一个套餐可能会有很多的选择，可以只需要基础的汉堡和饮料，也可以增加一些别的东西。如果定义一个套餐对象，其属性包含必须的汉堡和饮料，也包含可能会用到更多的食品：烤翅、圣代、蛋挞、薯条等甜点和小食以及配餐。如果统一使用构造方法来创建的话，则会有很多的构造方法添加在套餐对象中，而且，每增加一种新的食品种类时，基本上得增加n种构造方法。如果使用set方法的话，每一次都得增加新的set方法。建造者模式就是为了解决这一问题的。

食物总接口

package com.designpattern.builder;

public interface Food {
    String toString();
}

汉堡

package com.designpattern.builder.hamburger;

import com.designpattern.builder.Food;

public abstract class Hamburger implements Food {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Hamburger = " + getName() + ";";
    }
}

牛肉汉堡

package com.designpattern.builder.hamburger;

public class BeefHamburger extends Hamburger{
    public BeefHamburger() {
        setName("BeefHamburger");
    }
}

猪肉汉堡

package com.designpattern.builder.hamburger;

public class PorkHamburger extends Hamburger {
    public PorkHamburger() {
        setName("PorkHamburger");
    }
}

鸡肉汉堡

package com.designpattern.builder.hamburger;

public class ChickenHamburger extends Hamburger {
    public ChickenHamburger() {
        setName("ChickenHamburger");
    }
}

饮料

package com.designpattern.builder.drink;

import com.designpattern.builder.Food;

public abstract class Drink implements Food {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Drink = " + getName() + ";";
    }
}

百事可乐

package com.designpattern.builder.drink;

public class PepsiCola extends Drink {
    public PepsiCola() {
        setName("Pepsi Cola");
    }
}

可口可乐

package com.designpattern.builder.drink;

public class CocaCola extends Drink {
    public CocaCola() {
        setName("Coca Cola");
    }
}

哇哈哈

package com.designpattern.builder.drink;

public class Wahaha extends Drink{
    public Wahaha() {
        setName("Wahaha");
    }
}

甜点

package com.designpattern.builder.dessert;

import com.designpattern.builder.Food;

public abstract class Dessert implements Food {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Dessert = " + getName() + ";";
    }
}

冰激凌

package com.designpattern.builder.dessert;

public class IceCream extends Dessert{
    public IceCream() {
        setName("IceCream");
    }
}

布丁

package com.designpattern.builder.dessert;

public class Pudding extends Dessert {
    public Pudding() {
        setName("Pudding");
    }
}

圣代

package com.designpattern.builder.dessert;

public class Sundae extends Dessert {
    public Sundae() {
        setName("Sundae");
    }
}

沙拉

package com.designpattern.builder.salad;

import com.designpattern.builder.Food;

public abstract class Salad implements Food {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Salad = " + getName() + ";";
    }
}

蔬菜沙拉

package com.designpattern.builder.salad;

public class VegetableSalad extends Salad{
    public VegetableSalad() {
        setName("Vegetable salad");
    }
}

水果沙拉

package com.designpattern.builder.salad;

public class FruitSalad extends Salad {
    public FruitSalad() {
        setName("Fruit Salad");
    }
}

小食

package com.designpattern.builder.snack;

import com.designpattern.builder.Food;

public abstract class Snack implements Food {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Snack = " + getName() + ";";
    }
}

薯条

package com.designpattern.builder.snack;

public class FrenchFries extends Snack {
    public FrenchFries() {
        setName("French Fries");
    }
}

炸鸡块

package com.designpattern.builder.snack;

public class ChickenNuggets extends Snack{
    public ChickenNuggets() {
        setName("Chicken Nuggets");
    }
}

顾客

package com.designpattern.builder;

public class Customer {
    private String name;

    public Customer(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

快餐店

package com.designpattern.builder;

import com.designpattern.builder.drink.Drink;
import com.designpattern.builder.hamburger.Hamburger;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MealShop {
    private Hamburger hamburger;
    private Drink drink;
    private List<Food> foods;
    private Customer customer;

    public MealShop() {
    }

    public MealShop acceptCustomer(Customer customer, Hamburger hamburger, Drink drink) {
        this.customer = customer;
        this.hamburger = hamburger;
        this.drink = drink;
        this.foods = new ArrayList<>();
        return this;
    }

    public MealShop addFood(Food food) {
        if (!this.foods.contains(food))
            this.foods.add(food);
        return this;
    }

    public void broadcast() {
        System.out.println(this.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(customer.getName())
                .append(" : ")
                .append(hamburger.toString())
                .append(drink.toString());
        for (Food food:foods) {
            sb.append(food.toString());
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

开始消费

package com.designpattern.builder;

import com.designpattern.builder.dessert.Dessert;
import com.designpattern.builder.dessert.IceCream;
import com.designpattern.builder.dessert.Pudding;
import com.designpattern.builder.dessert.Sundae;
import com.designpattern.builder.drink.CocaCola;
import com.designpattern.builder.drink.Drink;
import com.designpattern.builder.drink.PepsiCola;
import com.designpattern.builder.drink.Wahaha;
import com.designpattern.builder.hamburger.BeefHamburger;
import com.designpattern.builder.hamburger.ChickenHamburger;
import com.designpattern.builder.hamburger.Hamburger;
import com.designpattern.builder.hamburger.PorkHamburger;
import com.designpattern.builder.salad.FruitSalad;
import com.designpattern.builder.salad.Salad;
import com.designpattern.builder.salad.VegetableSalad;
import com.designpattern.builder.snack.ChickenNuggets;
import com.designpattern.builder.snack.FrenchFries;
import com.designpattern.builder.snack.Snack;

public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开店
        MealShop shop = new MealShop();
        //准备食物
        //Hamburger
        Hamburger beefHamburger = new BeefHamburger();
        Hamburger porkHamburger = new PorkHamburger();
        Hamburger chickenHamburger = new ChickenHamburger();
        //Drink
        Drink cocaCola = new CocaCola();
        Drink pepsiCola = new PepsiCola();
        Drink wahaha = new Wahaha();
        //Dessert
        Dessert sundae = new Sundae();
        Dessert iceCream = new IceCream();
        Dessert pudding = new Pudding();
        //Salad
        Salad vegetableSalad = new VegetableSalad();
        Salad fruitSalad = new FruitSalad();
        //Snack
        Snack frenchFries = new FrenchFries();
        Snack chickenNuggets = new ChickenNuggets();
        //第一个顾客
        Customer customerA = new Customer("A");
        //点单
        shop.acceptCustomer(customerA, beefHamburger, pepsiCola)
            .addFood(vegetableSalad);
        shop.broadcast();
        //第二个顾客
        Customer customerB = new Customer("B");
        shop.acceptCustomer(customerB, chickenHamburger, wahaha)
            .addFood(fruitSalad)
            .addFood(chickenNuggets)
            .addFood(pudding);
        shop.broadcast();
    }
}

输出：

A : Hamburger = BeefHamburger;Drink = Pepsi Cola;Salad = Vegetable salad;
B : Hamburger = ChickenHamburger;Drink = Wahaha;Salad = Fruit Salad;Snack = Chicken Nuggets;Dessert = Pudding;

总结

使用该模式的关键有两点：

1. 添加的对象一定需要一个统一的接口或者父类
2. 方法的返回值是该方法所属的对象本身。