Java反射（Reflection）

反射

反射机制是在运行状态中，对于任意一个类，都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法；对于任意一个对象，都能够调用它的任意一个方法和属性；这种动态获取的信息以及动态调用对象的方法的功能称为java语言的反射机制。
反射机制主要提供了以下功能：

• 在运行时判断任意一个对象所属的类；
• 在运行时构造任意一个类的对象；
• 在运行时判断任意一个类所具有的成员变量和方法；
• 在运行时调用任意一个对象的方法；
• 生成动态代理。

通过反射机制实例化一个类的对象

package com;

public class fanshe {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Class c1 = Class.forName("com.User");
            System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
            User user = new User();
            Class c2 = user.getClass();
            System.out.println(c2);
            System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}
class User{
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

获得所有类的class

package com;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;

public class demo3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class c1 = Object.class;
        Class c2 = Comparable.class;
        Class c3 = String[].class;
        Class c4 = int[][].class;
        Class c20 = String[][].class;
        Class c5 = ElementType.class;
        Class c6 = Override.class;
        Class c7 = Integer.class;
        Class c8 = Void.class;
        Class c9 = Class.class;
        int[] a=new int[10];
        int[] b = new int[100];
        Class c10 = a.getClass();
        Class c11 = b.getClass();
        System.out.println(c10==c11);
        System.out.println(c20==c4);
        System.out.println(c10);
        System.out.println(c11);
        System.out.println(c1 );
        System.out.println(c2 );
        System.out.println(c3 );
        System.out.println(c4 );
        System.out.println(c20);
        System.out.println(c5 );
        System.out.println(c6 );
        System.out.println(c7 );
        System.out.println(c8 );
    }
}

获得类的信息

package com;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class demo6 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
        //获得名字
        System.out.println("-----------------------一条华丽的分割线--------------------------------");
        System.out.println(c1.getName());
        System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());
        //获得属性
        System.out.println("-----------------------一条华丽的分割线--------------------------------");
        Field[] fields = c1.getFields();//获得类的public属性
        for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println(field);
        }
        Field[] declaredFields = c1.getDeclaredFields();//获得类的全部属性
        for (Field declaredField : declaredFields) {
            System.out.println(declaredField);
        }
        //获得方法
        System.out.println("-----------------------一条华丽的分割线--------------------------------");
        Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();//获得本类及其父类的所有public方法
        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println(method);
        }
        Method[] declaredMethods = c1.getDeclaredMethods();//获得本类所有方法
        for (Method declaredMethod : declaredMethods) {
            System.out.println(declaredMethod);
        }

    }
}

动态构造对象，调用方法

package com;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class demo7 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.User");
        //1.通过动态调用构造方法，构造对象
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        User user=(User)c1.newInstance();
        System.out.println(user);
        //2.通过有参构造创建对象
        System.out.println("-------------------");
        Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class);
        User user1 = (User)declaredConstructor.newInstance("放",4);
        System.out.println(user1);
       // 3.调用普通方法
        System.out.println("----------------------");
        User user2 = (User)c1.newInstance();
        Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
        setName.invoke(user2,"df");
        System.out.println(user2);
       // 4.
        System.out.println("--------------------");
        User user3 = (User)c1.newInstance();
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        name.setAccessible(true);
        name.set(user3,"ds");
        System.out.println(user3.getName());
    }
}

package com;

public class demo5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //1.获得系统类加载器
        ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
        //2.获得系统类加载器的父类加载器-->扩展加载器
        ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent);
        //3.扩展类加载器的父类---》根加载器
        ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent1);
        //4.测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
        ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("com.demo5").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader);
       //5.测试object类是哪个加载器加载的
        ClassLoader classLoader1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader1);
        //系统类加载器可以加载的类的路径
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
    }
}